Use of English.
Inglés, exámenes de 2021.
El Use of English vale 3 puntos, a 0,5 por pregunta: reescribir frases sin cambiar su significado (condicionales, pasiva, estilo indirecto, comparativos…) y, hasta 2024, también completar huecos, corregir errores o formular preguntas. Cada respuesta lleva la explicación gramatical en español.
Convocatoria ordinaria
Junio 2021
Convocatoria ordinaria
Junio 2021
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “I don’t mind… up the dishes.” (wash)
17.2. “Mary was so angry that she demanded… the manager.” (see)
Solución
17.1. “I don’t mind washing up the dishes.”
El verbo mind (“importar”) va seguido de -ing.
17.2. “Mary was so angry that she demanded to see the manager.”
El verbo demand (“exigir”) va seguido de to + infinitivo.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Lunch will be ready… the time you get back.” on / of / in / by
18.2. “It is… easier to ride a bicycle than explaining how it is ridden.” far / little / few / more
Solución
18.1. “Lunch will be ready by the time you get back.”
By the time (“para cuando”) es una expresión fija.
18.2. “It is far easier to ride a bicycle than explaining how it is ridden.”
Far (como much) intensifica un comparativo: far easier (“mucho más fácil”). More no puede ir con easier, que ya es comparativo.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The Prime Minister was shouted at during her speech.”
Solución
People/They shouted at the Prime Minister during her speech.
Como la pasiva no indica quién gritó, en activa se usa un sujeto genérico (people o they). El verbo preposicional shout at mantiene la preposición delante de su objeto, y se conserva el pasado simple.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “They haven’t decided the exact time of the match yet.”
Solución
The exact time of the match hasn’t been decided yet.
El objeto pasa a ser el sujeto, con el present perfect pasivo (hasn’t been + participio). El agente genérico they se omite y yet se mantiene al final.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “That car belongs to my uncle.”
Solución
Who does that car belong to? (o To whom does that car belong?)
Se pregunta por una persona con who. Como belong to lleva preposición, esta puede quedarse al final (Who… belong to?) o ir delante de whom, que es más formal. La pregunta en presente simple lleva does.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “Helen is a friend. I went on holiday with her.”
Solución
Helen is a friend (who/that) I went on holiday with. (o Helen is a friend with whom I went on holiday.)
El pronombre her se sustituye por un relativo de persona. La preposición with puede quedarse al final, y entonces el relativo puede omitirse, o ir delante del relativo, que entonces debe ser whom.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “I don’t like being so tall.” I wish…
Solución
I wish I wasn’t/weren’t so tall. (o I wish I was/were small(er)/short(er).)
Para lamentar una situación presente se usa wish + pasado simple. Se desea lo contrario de la realidad: no ser tan alto, o ser más bajo.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “I wouldn’t have got wet if…”
Solución
I wouldn’t have got wet if I had taken an umbrella. (por ejemplo)
Es un tercer condicional, sobre una situación pasada que no ocurrió: si la oración principal lleva would(n’t) have + participio, la condición va con if + sujeto + had(n’t) + participio. Cualquier condición con sentido y con esa estructura es correcta.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “I’m sure Jane hasn’t left home yet.” Jane…
Solución
Jane can’t have left home yet.
Para una deducción negativa casi segura sobre el pasado se usa can’t have + participio. Sustituye a I’m sure + oración negativa.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “People is complaining about not be able to have their hair cut.”
Solución
People are complaining about not being able to have their hair cut.
Primer error: people es plural, así que el verbo es are. Segundo error: detrás de una preposición (about) el verbo va en -ing: not being able.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “Alex told Amanda he would see her the following day.”
Solución
“I’ll see you tomorrow, Amanda,” Alex said.
Se pasa de estilo indirecto a directo: would vuelve a will, los pronombres cambian (he → I, her → you) y the following day vuelve a tomorrow.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
None of the students answered the question correctly.
El sujeto es none of the students (“ninguno de los estudiantes”). Después van el verbo, el objeto (the question) y, al final, el adverbio de modo correctly.
Convocatoria extraordinaria
Julio 2021
Convocatoria extraordinaria
Julio 2021
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “My parents are looking forward to… my boyfriend.” (meet)
17.2. “I usually train a lot but I… so much exercise lately.” (not do)
Solución
17.1. “My parents are looking forward to meeting my boyfriend.”
En look forward to, to es una preposición, así que va seguido de -ing.
17.2. “I usually train a lot but I haven’t done so much exercise lately.”
Con lately (“últimamente”) se usa el present perfect, porque se habla de un periodo que llega hasta el presente.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “I am counting… you to help me get through this.” from / in / up / on
18.2. “Come on! Drink… ! We need to go!” at / to / up / out
Solución
18.1. “I am counting on you to help me get through this.”
Count on somebody significa “contar con alguien”.
18.2. “Come on! Drink up! We need to go!”
El phrasal verb drink up significa “terminarse la bebida”.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “Long sentences were given to the politicians accused of stealing.”
Solución
They/The jury/The judge gave the politicians accused of stealing long sentences. (o They/The jury/The judge gave long sentences to the politicians accused of stealing.)
Como la pasiva no indica quién impuso las condenas, en activa se usa un sujeto genérico (they) o el agente lógico (the jury, the judge). Give tiene dos objetos: la persona puede ir delante sin preposición o detrás con to.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “People may only leave home for specific reasons.”
Solución
Home may only be left for specific reasons. (o Home may be left for specific reasons only.)
El objeto (home) pasa a ser el sujeto. Con un modal, la pasiva se forma con modal + be + participio: may be left. El agente genérico people se omite.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “He is being paid 2,000€ for this project.”
Solución
How much (money) is he being paid for this project?
Para preguntar por una cantidad de dinero se usa how much. En presente continuo pasivo, el auxiliar is va delante del sujeto: is he being paid.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “This castle is the most visited tourist attraction in this city. Queen Elizabeth spends her summer holidays in this castle.”
Solución
This castle, where/in which Queen Elizabeth spends her summer holidays, is the most visited tourist attraction in this city. (o Queen Elizabeth spends her summer holidays in this castle, which is the most visited tourist attraction in this city.)
Si el relativo sustituye a in this castle, se usa where o in which; si sustituye a this castle como sujeto, which. Como el castillo ya está identificado, la relativa es explicativa y va entre comas.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “It is not necessary to book a table at that restaurant because it is never full.” You…
Solución
You do not need to book (o do not have to book / needn’t book) a table at that restaurant because it is never full.
It is not necessary se expresa con un sujeto personal (you, genérico) y un verbo de ausencia de obligación: don’t need to, don’t have to o needn’t + infinitivo sin to.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “Had I finished the project on time, …”
Solución
Had I finished the project on time, I would have got a better mark. (por ejemplo)
Had I finished es la forma invertida, sin if, de If I had finished: un tercer condicional. La oración principal lleva sujeto + could(n’t)/would(n’t) have + participio. Si la consecuencia es presente, también vale could(n’t)/would(n’t) + infinitivo (…, I would be on holiday now). Cualquier final con sentido y con esa estructura es correcto.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “Nobody in his class plays chess as well as Tom.” Tom is…
Solución
Tom is the best chess player in his class.
Que nadie juegue tan bien como Tom significa que él es el mejor: el comparativo de igualdad negativo se convierte en un superlativo. Como empieza por Tom is, el verbo plays pasa al nombre chess player.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “She has used never her mother’s car because it has the steering wheel in the right.”
Solución
She has never used her mother’s car because it has the steering wheel on the right.
Primer error: el adverbio never va entre el auxiliar y el participio (has never used). Segundo error: para indicar el lado se usa on the right/left, no in.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “John told his mother not to go into his room.”
Solución
“Mum, don’t go into my room,” John said. (o John told his mother: “Don’t go into my room.”)
Una orden negativa en estilo indirecto (told… not to + infinitivo) se convierte en un imperativo negativo (Don’t + infinitivo) entre comillas. El posesivo his pasa a my, porque ahora habla John.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
She will have her car repaired next Friday.
Es la estructura causativa have + objeto + participio, en futuro: ella no arreglará el coche, sino que lo llevará a arreglar. La expresión de tiempo next Friday va al final.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 1 2021
Examen de reserva
Reserva 1 2021
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “The baby was sleeping when the telephone… .” (ring)
17.2. “She must… already because the light is off.” (leave)
Solución
17.1. “The baby was sleeping when the telephone rang.”
Una acción breve (pasado simple) interrumpe otra que estaba en curso (pasado continuo). Rang es el pasado irregular de ring.
17.2. “She must have left already because the light is off.”
Deducción sobre el pasado: must have + participio.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Has she recovered… the accident yet?” from / in / up / on
18.2. “The painting is similar… the one I have in my bedroom.” to / like / in / of
Solución
18.1. “Has she recovered from the accident yet?”
Recover from significa “recuperarse de”.
18.2. “The painting is similar to the one I have in my bedroom.”
Similar to significa “parecido a”.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “All non-essential shops will be closed.”
Solución
They will close all non-essential shops.
Como la pasiva no indica quién cierra las tiendas, se usa el sujeto genérico they y se mantiene el futuro.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “When did they translate this novel into Japanese?”
Solución
When was this novel translated into Japanese?
Pasiva interrogativa en pasado simple: when + was + sujeto + participio. El agente they se omite.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “Richard’s wife is a famous writer.”
Solución
Whose wife is a famous writer?
Para preguntar por el poseedor se usa whose + nombre; como se pregunta por el sujeto, el orden es el de una afirmativa.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “New York is the largest American city. It is not the capital of the US.”
Solución
New York, which is not the capital of the US, is the largest American city. (o New York, which is the largest American city, is not the capital of the US.)
El pronombre it se sustituye por which. Como New York es un nombre propio, la relativa es explicativa y va entre comas.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “That is the most terrifying book I have ever read.” I have never read…
Solución
I have never read such a terrifying book. (o I have never read a book (which/that is) so terrifying.)
El superlativo con ever se convierte en never + such a + adjetivo + nombre, o + so + adjetivo.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “If your proposal had been more interesting, …”
Solución
If your proposal had been more interesting, we would have accepted it. (por ejemplo)
Tercer condicional: sujeto + could(n’t)/would(n’t) have + participio. También vale un condicional mixto con consecuencia presente (…, we would be working on it now).
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “When was the last time you heard from her?” When did…
Solución
When did you last hear from her?
The last time se sustituye por el adverbio last, y la pregunta en pasado simple lleva did + infinitivo.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “We ought to not have ordered so many fast food.”
Solución
We ought not to have ordered so much fast food.
Primer error: la negación de ought to es ought not to. Segundo error: fast food es incontable, así que va con much.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘Can you meet me at the station tomorrow?’, she asked me.”
Solución
She asked me to meet her at the station the following/next day. (o She asked me if I could meet her at the station the following/next day.)
Una petición se puede transmitir con ask + persona + to-infinitivo, o como pregunta indirecta con if. Me pasa a her y tomorrow a the following day.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
There used to be a blue wall here.
There used to be (“antes había”) expresa una situación pasada que ya no existe.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 2 2021
Examen de reserva
Reserva 2 2021
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “Please, ask your brother… you with the washing-up.” (help)
17.2. “When she… up, she will be a veterinarian.” (grow)
Solución
17.1. “Please, ask your brother to help you with the washing-up.”
Ask + persona va seguido de to + infinitivo.
17.2. “When she grows up, she will be a veterinarian.”
En las oraciones temporales con when referidas al futuro se usa el presente simple, no will.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Global warming is a problem we all need to sort… .” up / with / on / out
18.2. “… cheese is there in the mouse trap?” How many / How far / How long / How much
Solución
18.1. “Global warming is a problem we all need to sort out.”
El phrasal verb sort out significa “resolver”.
18.2. “How much cheese is there in the mouse trap?”
Cheese es incontable, así que se pregunta por la cantidad con how much.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “In a trade agreement, your word must be kept.”
Solución
(In a trade agreement,) you must keep your word (in a trade agreement).
Con un modal en pasiva (must be kept), la activa lleva modal + infinitivo, con el sujeto genérico you.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “In democracy, all citizens should cast a vote in an election.”
Solución
In democracy, a vote should be cast in an election by all citizens.
Con un modal, la pasiva se forma con modal + be + participio (cast es irregular: cast-cast-cast).
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “We need to eat protein because it is essential to build bones.”
Solución
Why do we/you need to eat protein?
Se pregunta por la causa con why, con el auxiliar do en presente simple.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “Cultivating your own vegetables is a healthy option. It is easier than it seems.”
Solución
Cultivating your own vegetables, which is easier than it seems, is a healthy option. (o …, which is a healthy option, is easier than it seems.)
El pronombre it se sustituye por which en una relativa explicativa entre comas, que se refiere a toda la acción de cultivar.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “I will keep my promise if you keep yours.” As long as…
Solución
As long as you keep your promise, I will keep mine.
As long as (“siempre que”) introduce la condición en presente, como if. Los posesivos se ajustan al nuevo orden: your promise y mine.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “If burglars had broken into the shop, …”
Solución
If burglars had broken into the shop, they would have stolen everything. (por ejemplo)
Tercer condicional: sujeto + could(n’t)/would(n’t) have + participio. También vale un condicional mixto (…, we wouldn’t be open today).
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “They have worked in Thailand for two years.” They began…
Solución
They began working (o to work) in Thailand two years ago.
El present perfect con for se convierte en el pasado simple de begin (+ -ing o to-infinitivo) con ago.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “Does she wants to come to the cinema with us the Sunday?”
Solución
Does she want to come to the cinema with us on Sunday?
Primer error: tras el auxiliar does el verbo va en infinitivo, sin -s. Segundo error: con los días de la semana se usa on.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “My brother cooked a very tasty potato omelette yesterday evening,” she said.
Solución
She said (that) her brother had cooked a very tasty potato omelette the previous evening / the evening before.
El pasado simple retrocede a pasado perfecto, my pasa a her y yesterday evening a the previous evening.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
How often do children help parents with chores? (o How often do parents help children with chores?)
Pregunta por la frecuencia con how often + do + sujeto + verbo. La estructura es help somebody with something.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 3 2021
Examen de reserva
Reserva 3 2021
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “I need to have my hair… .” (do)
17.2. “They agreed… at 7 p.m.” (meet)
Solución
17.1. “I need to have my hair done.”
Estructura causativa have + objeto + participio: otra persona me arregla el pelo.
17.2. “They agreed to meet at 7 p.m.”
Agree va seguido de to + infinitivo.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Do Laura and Tom get… with each other?” across / along / down / over
18.2. “We’ve got… time before the plane leaves. Shall we get a coffee?” a lot / a few / a little / many
Solución
18.1. “Do Laura and Tom get along with each other?”
Get along with significa “llevarse bien con”.
18.2. “We’ve got a little time before the plane leaves.”
Time es incontable, así que se descartan a few y many; a lot necesitaría of. A little significa “un poco”.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “When will the announcement be made?”
Solución
When will they/you make the announcement?
Como la pasiva no indica quién hará el anuncio, se usa un sujeto genérico (they o you) y se mantiene el futuro.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “They didn’t give him what he needed.”
Solución
He wasn’t given what he needed. (o What he needed wasn’t given to him.)
Give tiene dos objetos, así que cualquiera puede ser el sujeto de la pasiva negativa en pasado (wasn’t given).
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “He persuaded John by giving him a bunch of flowers.”
Solución
How did he persuade John?
Se pregunta por el modo con how, con did y el verbo en infinitivo.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “The tree was very large. We had a nap under it yesterday.”
Solución
The tree under which we had a nap yesterday was very large. (o The tree (which/that) we had a nap under yesterday was very large.)
El pronombre it se sustituye por which; la preposición under puede ir delante del relativo o al final.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “Despite his age, my uncle still runs marathons.” Although…
Solución
Although my uncle is (very/quite) old (o not young), he still runs marathons.
Despite va seguido de un nombre (his age); although necesita una oración con sujeto y verbo.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “Unless they are paid for it, …”
Solución
Unless they are paid for it, they won’t do the job. (por ejemplo)
Unless (“a menos que”) va con presente; la principal puede llevar presente simple, will/can/may… + infinitivo, be going to o un imperativo.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “If you read many books, you will gain more knowledge.” The more…
Solución
The more books you read, the more knowledge you (will) gain.
Estructura the more…, the more… (“cuanto más…, más…”).
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “The others passengers are asking me who suitcase this is.”
Solución
The other passengers are asking me whose suitcase this is.
Primer error: other delante de un nombre es adjetivo y no lleva -s. Segundo error: para preguntar por el dueño se usa whose.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “Tom said: ‘I will do my best at the competition tomorrow’.”
Solución
Tom said (that) he would do his best at the competition the following/next day. (o Tom promised to do his best at the competition the following/next day.)
Will retrocede a would, I/my pasan a he/his y tomorrow a the following day.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
Who said that my teacher was wrong?
Pregunta de sujeto con who, sin auxiliar, seguida de said that + oración.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 4 2021
Examen de reserva
Reserva 4 2021
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “Why don’t we go out? I fancy… a drink with you.” (have)
17.2. “When they arrived home, they realised they… the door open.” (leave)
Solución
17.1. “Why don’t we go out? I fancy having a drink with you.”
Fancy (“apetecer”) va seguido de -ing.
17.2. “When they arrived home, they realised they had left the door open.”
Acción anterior a otra del pasado: pasado perfecto.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “The final exam consists… ten brief questions.” on / from / into / of
18.2. “I apologised… being late at work.” for / with / by / from
Solución
18.1. “The final exam consists of ten brief questions.”
Consist of significa “constar de”.
18.2. “I apologised for being late at work.”
Apologise for + -ing significa “disculparse por”.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “Life quality is being improved by several interesting discoveries.”
Solución
Several interesting discoveries are improving life quality.
El agente pasa a ser el sujeto y se mantiene el presente continuo, en plural: are improving.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “She has just given us the exam.”
Solución
We have just been given the exam. (o The exam has just been given to us.)
Give tiene dos objetos, así que cualquiera puede ser el sujeto. Pasiva del present perfect: have/has just been + participio.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “He has been waiting in the queue for thirty minutes.”
Solución
How long has he been waiting in the queue?
Se pregunta por la duración con how long, con el auxiliar has delante del sujeto.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “Jimmy is my favourite cousin. Jimmy’s partner is my classmate.”
Solución
Jimmy, whose partner is my classmate, is my favourite cousin.
El genitivo Jimmy’s se sustituye por el relativo posesivo whose, en una relativa explicativa entre comas.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “I regret not going to your birthday party yesterday.” I wish…
Solución
I wish I had gone to your birthday party yesterday. (o I wish I could have gone…)
Para lamentar algo del pasado se usa wish + pasado perfecto, en afirmativa porque se desea lo contrario de lo que ocurrió.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “If you ever get bored watching youtubers, …”
Solución
If you ever get bored watching youtubers, you could read a good book. (por ejemplo)
La principal puede llevar un consejo o sugerencia: you can/may/could/might/should + infinitivo, o why not / why don’t you…?
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “Mike is fixing my car right now.” I…
Solución
I am having/getting my car fixed right now by Mike.
Estructura causativa have/get + objeto + participio en presente continuo, con el agente introducido por by.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “My uncle didn’t seen nobody breaking into my house last night.”
Solución
My uncle didn’t see anybody breaking into my house last night.
Primer error: tras didn’t el verbo va en infinitivo. Segundo error: en inglés no se usa doble negación, así que con didn’t se usa anybody.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “Pam advised me to stop drinking coffee.”
Solución
Pam said to me / Pam told me: “You should (o ought to) stop drinking coffee.” (o “You’d better stop drinking coffee.”)
Un consejo en estilo indirecto (advised me to) se expresa en estilo directo con should, ought to o had better.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
I am getting used to driving on the left.
Get used to + -ing significa “acostumbrarse a”; aquí, en presente continuo.