PRUEBA DE ACCESO Y ADMISIÓN A LAUNIVERSIDAD
ANDALUCÍA, CEUTA, MELILLA y CENTROS en MARRUECOS
CONVOCATORIA EXTRAORDINARIA, CURSO 2020-2021
LENGUA EXTRANJERAINGLÉS(ACCESO)
Instrucciones:
a) Duración: 1 hora y 30 minutos.
b) Este examen consta de varios bloques. Debe responder a las preguntas que se indican en cada uno.
c) La puntuación está indicada en cada uno de los apartados.
d) No se permite el uso de diccionario.
El examen consta de 3 Bloques (A, B y C)
En cada bloque (Comprehension, Use of English y Writing) se plantean varias preguntas, de las cuales se deberá responder al número que se indica en cada uno. En caso de responder más cuestiones de las requeridas, serán tenidas en cuenta las respondidas en primer lugar hasta alcanzar dicho número. Las preguntas han de ser respondidas en su totalidad: si la pregunta tiene dos secciones, hay que responder ambas.
BLOQUE A (Comprensión lectora)
Puntuación máxima: 4 puntos
Debe responderse a las 8 preguntas de uno de los 2 textos propuestos.
I * COMPREHENSION (4 points). CHOOSE TEXT 1 OR TEXT 2 AND ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM THAT TEXT ONLY.
TEXT 1: CYCLING, THE BEST MODE OF TRANSPORT
- Urban population in developing nations is projected to continue to grow, adding 2.5 billion people to the world’s cities by 2050. By
- then, more than half of the world’s population will live in cities.
- A key step to managing rapid urbanization, reducing poverty and addressing equality amongst urban residents is to meet their needs
- for access to services and opportunities. Walking and cycling improve urban quality and facilitate social cohesion. They are cheap,
- flexible, personal modes without which most people in low- and middle-income countries would be unable to participate in the economy
- and community, or access education, healthcare and other urban services. Today, more than 600 cities worldwide have their own bike-
- share systems, and more programmes are starting every year.
- In richer countries, cycling has become popular for a variety of reasons. For instance, it helps to reduce the risk of diabetes, some
- forms of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, depression, and it prevents obesity. The health benefits of cycling daily rather than taking a
- car for short trips outweigh the risks of inhalation of air pollutants. Besides, regular cycling boosts physical fitness.
- Riding a bike evokes pleasant feelings and is an easy exercise. People who walk or cycle to work tend to be more satisfied, less
- stressed, more relaxed, and they experience greater freedom compared to people who drive their car to work. Bicycle use, therefore,
- not only improves physical health, but also has a positive impact on mental health and subjective well-being.
- In short, compared to travelling by car or bus, cycling saves money, it is a cheap means of transport, and scores well in terms of
- social impact of urban mobility.
CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D). (0.5 points each)
1. According to the text, the world’s population will…
Solución
(d) increase mainly in cities.
La población urbana seguirá creciendo y para 2050 más de la mitad de la población mundial vivirá en ciudades (líneas 1-2): “Urban population in developing nations is projected to continue to grow, adding 2.5 billion people to the world’s cities by 2050. By then, more than half of the world’s population will live in cities.”
El crecimiento se producirá de aquí a 2050, no solo después (a); 2.500 millones son las personas que se sumarán a las ciudades, no la población total (b); y la población se concentrará en las ciudades, no en el campo (c).
2. According to the text, cycling…
Solución
(a) improves the quality of life in cities.
Caminar e ir en bicicleta mejoran la calidad de vida urbana (línea 4): “Walking and cycling improve urban quality and facilitate social cohesion.”
Es justo lo contrario: mejora la vida en las ciudades (b) y favorece la cohesión social (c); y el texto habla de caminar y de la bicicleta a la vez, sin compararlos (d).
ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points each)
3. In less developed countries, cycling can facilitate schooling.
Solución
TRUE. “(They are cheap, flexible, personal modes without which) most people in low- and middle-income countries would be unable to participate in the economy and community, or access education (, healthcare and other urban services.)” (líneas 5-6).
Sin la bicicleta, la mayoría de la gente de los países con ingresos bajos y medios no podría acceder a la educación.
4. Cycling may prevent serious illnesses.
Solución
TRUE. “For instance, it helps to reduce the risk of diabetes, some forms of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, depression, and it prevents obesity.” (líneas 8-9).
Montar en bicicleta reduce el riesgo de enfermedades graves como la diabetes, algunos tipos de cáncer o las enfermedades cardiovasculares.
5. People who commute by car feel more freedom.
Solución
FALSE. “People who walk or cycle to work tend to be more satisfied, less stressed, more relaxed, and they experience greater freedom compared to people who drive their car to work.” (líneas 11-12).
Quienes sienten más libertad son los que van al trabajo andando o en bicicleta, no en coche.
6. Moving by bicycle is as affordable as travelling by bus.
Solución
FALSE. “In short, compared to travelling by car or bus, cycling saves money, it is a cheap means of transport, (and scores well in terms of social impact of urban mobility.)” (línea 14).
Comparada con el coche o el autobús, la bicicleta ahorra dinero, así que es más barata que el autobús, no igual.
7. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
7.1. ONE SYNONYM FOR “globally” (adverb).
Solución
worldwide (línea 6): “more than 600 cities worldwide”.
7.2. ONE OPPOSITE FOR “disadvantage” (noun).
Solución
benefits (línea 9): “The health benefits of cycling daily”. Como “disadvantage” está en singular, también vale benefit.
8. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
8.1. ONE WORD MEANING “the fact of being extremely fat”.
Solución
obesity (línea 9): “it prevents obesity”.
8.2. ONE WORD MEANING “a harmful substance that contaminates”.
Solución
pollutants (línea 10): “the risks of inhalation of air pollutants”. Como la definición está en singular, también vale pollutant.
TEXT 2: MO, THE CAT
- A cat has surprisingly been reunited with his family eight years after he went missing. Mo —the cat— was staying in a cattery on the
- outskirts of Swansea eight years ago, while his humans went on holiday. On their return, one of the family’s cats, Tibby, was waiting
- for them, but they were devastated to find Mo had gone missing. “We were utterly heartbroken when we found out that the cattery had
- lost Mo,” says Izzy Harris, who was a teenager when Mo, then three, went missing.
- Izzy and her parents searched for their pet for months, printing flyers and putting adverts in the newspaper. However, they also knew
- there was a small chance they’d see him again. “There was something so horrible about imagining him alone,” continues Izzy, “the
- cattery was near some busy main roads as well, so we couldn’t stop picturing the worst, that he’d been hit by a car.”
- After months of searching, the family accepted he was gone, and only hoped that he’d found someone else to live with —and they
- were right! As a matter of fact, Mo had moved in with an elderly lady.
- Last October, the Harris family received an unexpected call from a veterinary centre. “They said they’d found a cat matching Mo’s
- microchip and that he’d been living near where he got lost with an old lady who had passed away.”
- Izzy and Mo met finally again thanks to the power of microchipping. The black cat has a lot of catching up to do, as the family
- currently has three other cats. The girl says they feel incredibly relieved, but also hopeful. If this can happen, anything can.
CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D). (0.5 points each)
9. The Harris family was greatly upset because…
Solución
(c) they didn’t know where Mo was.
La familia se quedó destrozada al descubrir que Mo había desaparecido (línea 3): “they were devastated to find Mo had gone missing.”
Mo se perdió en la residencia felina, no se escapó de casa (a); el disgusto no fue por acabar las vacaciones (b); y la otra gata, Tibby, sí los estaba esperando (d).
10. Mo, the cat, …
Solución
(b) was taken good care of all this time.
La familia esperaba que hubiera encontrado a alguien con quien vivir, y así fue (líneas 8-9): “only hoped that he’d found someone else to live with —and they were right! As a matter of fact, Mo had moved in with an elderly lady.”
Temían que lo hubiera atropellado un coche, pero no ocurrió (a); la familia tenía también a Tibby y ahora tiene otros tres gatos (c); y se perdió en la residencia felina, no de camino a casa de la señora (d).
ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points each)
11. Mo was in the city centre when he escaped.
Solución
FALSE. “Mo —the cat— was staying in a cattery on the outskirts of Swansea (eight years ago, while his humans went on holiday).” (líneas 1-2).
Estaba en una residencia felina en las afueras (“outskirts”) de Swansea, no en el centro.
12. The family thought it would be very hard to get Mo back.
Solución
TRUE. “However, they also knew there was a small chance they’d see him again.” (líneas 5-6).
Sabían que había pocas posibilidades de volver a verlo.
13. The old lady called the Harris and asked them to pick up the cat.
Solución
FALSE. “Last October, the Harris family received an unexpected call from a veterinary centre.” (línea 10) // “They said they’d found a cat matching Mo’s microchip and that he’d been living near where he got lost with an old lady who had passed away.” (líneas 10-11).
Los llamaron de una clínica veterinaria; la señora no pudo llamar porque había fallecido. Basta con una de las dos citas.
14. The cat has to get used to new company.
Solución
TRUE. “The black cat has a lot of catching up to do, as the family currently has three other cats.” (líneas 12-13).
Mo tiene que acostumbrarse a los otros tres gatos que ahora tiene la familia.
15. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
15.1. ONE OPPOSITE FOR “refuse” (verb).
Solución
accepted (línea 8): “the family accepted he was gone”. Como se pide un verbo, también vale el infinitivo, accept.
15.2. ONE SYNONYM FOR “comeback” (noun).
Solución
return (línea 2): “On their return”.
16. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
16.1. ONE WORD MEANING “a possibility or probability of anything happening”.
Solución
chance (línea 6): “there was a small chance they’d see him again”.
16.2. ONE WORD MEANING “freed from anxiety, fear or pain”.
Solución
relieved (línea 13): “they feel incredibly relieved”.
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “My parents are looking forward to… my boyfriend.” (meet)
17.2. “I usually train a lot but I… so much exercise lately.” (not do)
Solución
17.1. “My parents are looking forward to meeting my boyfriend.”
En look forward to, to es una preposición, así que va seguido de -ing.
17.2. “I usually train a lot but I haven’t done so much exercise lately.”
Con lately (“últimamente”) se usa el present perfect, porque se habla de un periodo que llega hasta el presente.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “I am counting… you to help me get through this.” from / in / up / on
18.2. “Come on! Drink… ! We need to go!” at / to / up / out
Solución
18.1. “I am counting on you to help me get through this.”
Count on somebody significa “contar con alguien”.
18.2. “Come on! Drink up! We need to go!”
El phrasal verb drink up significa “terminarse la bebida”.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “Long sentences were given to the politicians accused of stealing.”
Solución
They/The jury/The judge gave the politicians accused of stealing long sentences. (o They/The jury/The judge gave long sentences to the politicians accused of stealing.)
Como la pasiva no indica quién impuso las condenas, en activa se usa un sujeto genérico (they) o el agente lógico (the jury, the judge). Give tiene dos objetos: la persona puede ir delante sin preposición o detrás con to.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “People may only leave home for specific reasons.”
Solución
Home may only be left for specific reasons. (o Home may be left for specific reasons only.)
El objeto (home) pasa a ser el sujeto. Con un modal, la pasiva se forma con modal + be + participio: may be left. El agente genérico people se omite.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “He is being paid 2,000€ for this project.”
Solución
How much (money) is he being paid for this project?
Para preguntar por una cantidad de dinero se usa how much. En presente continuo pasivo, el auxiliar is va delante del sujeto: is he being paid.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “This castle is the most visited tourist attraction in this city. Queen Elizabeth spends her summer holidays in this castle.”
Solución
This castle, where/in which Queen Elizabeth spends her summer holidays, is the most visited tourist attraction in this city. (o Queen Elizabeth spends her summer holidays in this castle, which is the most visited tourist attraction in this city.)
Si el relativo sustituye a in this castle, se usa where o in which; si sustituye a this castle como sujeto, which. Como el castillo ya está identificado, la relativa es explicativa y va entre comas.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “It is not necessary to book a table at that restaurant because it is never full.” You…
Solución
You do not need to book (o do not have to book / needn’t book) a table at that restaurant because it is never full.
It is not necessary se expresa con un sujeto personal (you, genérico) y un verbo de ausencia de obligación: don’t need to, don’t have to o needn’t + infinitivo sin to.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “Had I finished the project on time, …”
Solución
Had I finished the project on time, I would have got a better mark. (por ejemplo)
Had I finished es la forma invertida, sin if, de If I had finished: un tercer condicional. La oración principal lleva sujeto + could(n’t)/would(n’t) have + participio. Si la consecuencia es presente, también vale could(n’t)/would(n’t) + infinitivo (…, I would be on holiday now). Cualquier final con sentido y con esa estructura es correcto.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “Nobody in his class plays chess as well as Tom.” Tom is…
Solución
Tom is the best chess player in his class.
Que nadie juegue tan bien como Tom significa que él es el mejor: el comparativo de igualdad negativo se convierte en un superlativo. Como empieza por Tom is, el verbo plays pasa al nombre chess player.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “She has used never her mother’s car because it has the steering wheel in the right.”
Solución
She has never used her mother’s car because it has the steering wheel on the right.
Primer error: el adverbio never va entre el auxiliar y el participio (has never used). Segundo error: para indicar el lado se usa on the right/left, no in.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “John told his mother not to go into his room.”
Solución
“Mum, don’t go into my room,” John said. (o John told his mother: “Don’t go into my room.”)
Una orden negativa en estilo indirecto (told… not to + infinitivo) se convierte en un imperativo negativo (Don’t + infinitivo) entre comillas. El posesivo his pasa a my, porque ahora habla John.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
She will have her car repaired next Friday.
Es la estructura causativa have + objeto + participio, en futuro: ella no arreglará el coche, sino que lo llevará a arreglar. La expresión de tiempo next Friday va al final.
BLOQUE C (Redacción)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Deberá realizar una redacción de aproximadamente 120 palabras de SOLAMENTE 1 de los dos temas propuestos.
III * WRITING (3 points)
29. WRITE A COMPOSITION OF APPROXIMATELY 120 WORDS ABOUT ONE OF THE TOPICS PROPOSED AND FOCUS STRICTLY ON IT. CHOOSE ONE TOPIC ONLY:
29.1. Do you think that young people prefer living in the city to living in the countryside? Why?
29.2. All children should grow up with a pet. Discuss.