PRUEBA DE ACCESO Y ADMISIÓN A LAUNIVERSIDAD
ANDALUCÍA, CEUTA, MELILLA y CENTROS en MARRUECOS
CONVOCATORIA ORDINARIA, CURSO 2020-2021
LENGUA EXTRANJERAINGLÉS(ACCESO)
Instrucciones:
a) Duración: 1 hora y 30 minutos.
b) Este examen consta de varios bloques. Debe responder a las preguntas que se indican en cada uno.
c) La puntuación está indicada en cada uno de los apartados.
d) No se permite el uso de diccionario.
El examen consta de 3 Bloques (A, B y C)
En cada bloque (Comprehension, Use of English y Writing) se plantean varias preguntas, de las cuales se deberá responder al número que se indica en cada uno. En caso de responder más cuestiones de las requeridas, serán tenidas en cuenta las respondidas en primer lugar hasta alcanzar dicho número. Las preguntas han de ser respondidas en su totalidad: si la pregunta tiene dos secciones, hay que responder ambas.
BLOQUE A (Comprensión lectora)
Puntuación máxima: 4 puntos
Debe responderse a las 8 preguntas de uno de los 2 textos propuestos.
I * COMPREHENSION (4 points). CHOOSE TEXT 1 OR TEXT 2 AND ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM THAT TEXT ONLY.
TEXT 1: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO REDUCE DRIVING STRESS
- I am testing a new car, trying to forget my troubles and concentrate on the driving, so that I do not become a danger to pedestrians.
- “Hello, Corinne, what’s stressing you right now?,” a calm voice speaks from my car’s audio system. The conversation that follows
- shows all the ways in which artificial intelligence could transform our experience behind the wheel: not by driving the car for us but by
- taking better care of us as we drive.
- Three-quarters of U.S. workers drive to work alone. This may be a problem if we take into account that long trips to work are
- associated with serious health risks, such as high blood pressure or obesity. Technology, however, has long promised that the solution
- is right around the corner: self-driving cars. But it will likely be decades before such cars are a reality.
- In the meantime, a small group of scientists are working on how cars can make us happier while we drive them. Their main project
- is this car: it is equipped with the latest technologies to decrease a driver’s stress. In fact, this car offers the option of practicing a
- guided breathing exercise while the driver’s seat vibrates at intervals, and then, there is a voice instructing the driver to breathe along
- with its rhythm.
- The goal is a car that can detect a rise in a driver’s stress level, via seat and steering wheel sensors or neck-tension cameras. It
- would then automatically start the breathing exercise, talk about a problem or tell a joke to ease tension. So, after this experience, and
- while we wait for self-driving cars, I can’t wait for this vehicle to be on the market!
CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D). (0.5 points each)
1. The writer might be a problem to pedestrians if…
Solución
(b) she weren’t paying attention.
Intenta concentrarse en la conducción para no ser un peligro para los peatones (línea 1): “trying to forget my troubles and concentrate on the driving, so that I do not become a danger to pedestrians.”
El peligro sería distraerse, no que no supiera conducir (a); la voz del coche está para ayudarla (c); y el coche no se conduce solo (d).
2. The new car can…
Solución
(d) provide stress-relief strategies.
El coche lleva tecnología para reducir el estrés del conductor, como ejercicios de respiración guiada (líneas 9-10): “it is equipped with the latest technologies to decrease a driver’s stress.”
La tensión alta aparece como riesgo de los trayectos largos, no como algo que mida el coche (a); no se conduce solo (b); y el texto no habla de buscar rutas (c).
ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points each)
3. Solo journeys to work may cause long-term health effects.
Solución
TRUE. Three-quarters of U.S. workers drive to work alone. This may be a problem if we take into account that long trips to work are associated with serious health risks, (such as high blood pressure or obesity.) (líneas 5-6).
Los trayectos largos al trabajo se asocian a problemas de salud graves.
4. Cars that drive themselves will surely be a fact in ten years.
Solución
FALSE. But it will likely be decades before such cars are a reality. (línea 7).
Probablemente tardarán décadas, no diez años.
5. Stress-level in the driver can be sensed in this new car by different devices.
Solución
TRUE. The goal is a car that can detect a rise in a driver’s stress level, via seat and steering wheel sensors or neck-tension cameras. (línea 12).
Detecta el estrés con sensores en el asiento y el volante o con cámaras.
6. The writer would never buy this new car if produced.
Solución
FALSE. (So, after this experience, and while we wait for self-driving cars,) I can’t wait for this vehicle to be on the market! (línea 14).
La autora está deseando que el coche salga a la venta.
7. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
7.1. ONE SYNONYM FOR “elevation” (noun).
Solución
rise (línea 12): “a rise in a driver’s stress level”.
7.2. ONE SYNONYM FOR “choice” (noun).
Solución
option (línea 9): “the option of practicing a guided breathing exercise”.
8. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
8.1. ONE WORD MEANING “someone who travels on foot”.
Solución
pedestrians (línea 1): “a danger to pedestrians”. En singular, también vale pedestrian.
8.2. ONE WORD MEANING “something that you say or do to make people laugh”.
Solución
joke (línea 13): “tell a joke to ease tension”.
TEXT 2: INTERGENERATIONAL CARE
- Intergenerational care is defined as “planned ongoing activities that bring together different generations in shared settings to
- participate in experiences that are mutually beneficial.” The concept is thought to have originated during the 1970s in Tokyo when a
- nursery school and a care home merged together. The idea of joint settings quickly spread through the USA, Canada and the
- Netherlands. More recently, there has been a Channel 4 programme, “Old People’s Home for 4 Year Olds”, which has increased the
- awareness of the approach.
- Supporters enthusiastically report that children benefit greatly as they get to see people of all ages and backgrounds. Some of the
- residents use wheelchairs, some have specialised equipment, so children get to understand that this is part of life and part of being
- older. Connecting with the elderly can also provide children with one-to-one reading opportunities which can boost their reading and
- vocabulary skills. Babies and young children can live miles away from their grandparents or older relatives, so visiting local residents
- provides them with the opportunity to mix with a generation that they may have never known.
- But it is not only the children who benefit from the visits. The non-profit organisation “United for All Ages” reveals that the regular
- interactions help the elderly too. There are recognised improvements to their poor health, anxiety and loneliness. A nursery worker
- explains that “one lady hugs dolls as if they were her own children and our children interact with her with no judgement or opinions; it
- is all lovely to see.”
CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D). (0.5 points each)
9. Intergenerational care benefits…
Solución
(b) are enjoyed both by young and old people.
No solo se benefician los niños, también los mayores (líneas 11-12): “But it is not only the children who benefit from the visits… the regular interactions help the elderly too.”
La idea se ha extendido por varios países (a); los beneficios no son solo para los niños (c); y el concepto nació en los años 70, no hace siglos (d).
10. Children in intergenerational care programmes…
Solución
(a) expand their life experiences.
Los niños conocen a personas de todas las edades y orígenes (línea 6): “children benefit greatly as they get to see people of all ages and backgrounds.”
Las visitas reducen la soledad de los mayores (b); los niños los tratan sin juzgarlos (“with no judgement or opinions”) (c); y sí se relacionan con ellos (d).
ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points each)
11. An intergenerational care documentary has been broadcast.
Solución
TRUE. More recently, there has been a Channel 4 programme, “Old People’s Home for 4 Year Olds”, (which has increased the awareness of the approach.) (línea 4).
Channel 4 emitió un programa sobre este tipo de cuidado.
12. Thanks to these innovative measures, kids may learn that ageing is part of a natural process.
Solución
TRUE. (Some of the residents use wheelchairs, some have specialised equipment, so) children get to understand that this is part of life and part of being older. (líneas 7-8).
Los niños comprenden que envejecer forma parte de la vida.
13. Younger generations do not improve their lexical competence in intergenerational programmes.
Solución
FALSE. Connecting with the elderly can also provide children with one-to-one reading opportunities which can boost their reading and vocabulary skills. (líneas 8-9).
Leer con los mayores mejora su vocabulario.
14. Some families have to travel long distances to participate in an intergenerational care programme.
Solución
FALSE. (Babies and young children can live miles away from their grandparents or older relatives, so) visiting local residents provides them with the opportunity to mix with a generation that they may have never known. (líneas 9-10).
Los niños visitan a mayores de su localidad, no tienen que desplazarse lejos.
15. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
15.1. ONE OPPOSITE FOR “unconsciousness” (noun).
Solución
awareness (línea 5): “has increased the awareness of the approach”.
15.2. ONE SYNONYM FOR “solitude” (noun).
Solución
loneliness (línea 12): “poor health, anxiety and loneliness”.
16. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
16.1. ONE WORD MEANING “a person’s education, experience, and social circumstances”.
Solución
backgrounds (línea 6): “people of all ages and backgrounds”. En singular, también vale background.
16.2. ONE WORD MEANING “a toy that looks like a small person or baby”.
Solución
dolls (línea 13): “one lady hugs dolls”. En singular, también vale doll.
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “The baby was sleeping when the telephone… .” (ring)
17.2. “She must… already because the light is off.” (leave)
Solución
17.1. “The baby was sleeping when the telephone rang.”
Una acción breve (pasado simple) interrumpe otra que estaba en curso (pasado continuo). Rang es el pasado irregular de ring.
17.2. “She must have left already because the light is off.”
Deducción sobre el pasado: must have + participio.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Has she recovered… the accident yet?” from / in / up / on
18.2. “The painting is similar… the one I have in my bedroom.” to / like / in / of
Solución
18.1. “Has she recovered from the accident yet?”
Recover from significa “recuperarse de”.
18.2. “The painting is similar to the one I have in my bedroom.”
Similar to significa “parecido a”.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “All non-essential shops will be closed.”
Solución
They will close all non-essential shops.
Como la pasiva no indica quién cierra las tiendas, se usa el sujeto genérico they y se mantiene el futuro.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “When did they translate this novel into Japanese?”
Solución
When was this novel translated into Japanese?
Pasiva interrogativa en pasado simple: when + was + sujeto + participio. El agente they se omite.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “Richard’s wife is a famous writer.”
Solución
Whose wife is a famous writer?
Para preguntar por el poseedor se usa whose + nombre; como se pregunta por el sujeto, el orden es el de una afirmativa.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “New York is the largest American city. It is not the capital of the US.”
Solución
New York, which is not the capital of the US, is the largest American city. (o New York, which is the largest American city, is not the capital of the US.)
El pronombre it se sustituye por which. Como New York es un nombre propio, la relativa es explicativa y va entre comas.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “That is the most terrifying book I have ever read.” I have never read…
Solución
I have never read such a terrifying book. (o I have never read a book (which/that is) so terrifying.)
El superlativo con ever se convierte en never + such a + adjetivo + nombre, o + so + adjetivo.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “If your proposal had been more interesting, …”
Solución
If your proposal had been more interesting, we would have accepted it. (por ejemplo)
Tercer condicional: sujeto + could(n’t)/would(n’t) have + participio. También vale un condicional mixto con consecuencia presente (…, we would be working on it now).
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “When was the last time you heard from her?” When did…
Solución
When did you last hear from her?
The last time se sustituye por el adverbio last, y la pregunta en pasado simple lleva did + infinitivo.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “We ought to not have ordered so many fast food.”
Solución
We ought not to have ordered so much fast food.
Primer error: la negación de ought to es ought not to. Segundo error: fast food es incontable, así que va con much.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘Can you meet me at the station tomorrow?’, she asked me.”
Solución
She asked me to meet her at the station the following/next day. (o She asked me if I could meet her at the station the following/next day.)
Una petición se puede transmitir con ask + persona + to-infinitivo, o como pregunta indirecta con if. Me pasa a her y tomorrow a the following day.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
There used to be a blue wall here.
There used to be (“antes había”) expresa una situación pasada que ya no existe.
BLOQUE C (Redacción)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Deberá realizar una redacción de aproximadamente 120 palabras de SOLAMENTE 1 de los dos temas propuestos.
III * WRITING (3 points)
29. WRITE A COMPOSITION OF APPROXIMATELY 120 WORDS ABOUT ONE OF THE TOPICS PROPOSED AND FOCUS STRICTLY ON IT. CHOOSE ONE TOPIC ONLY:
29.1. Apart from cars, how could technology and artificial intelligence improve our lives? Explain.
29.2. Older generations can teach us useful lessons. Discuss.