PRUEBA DE ACCESO Y ADMISIÓN A LAUNIVERSIDAD
ANDALUCÍA, CEUTA, MELILLA y CENTROS en MARRUECOS
CONVOCATORIA ORDINARIA, CURSO 2020-2021
LENGUA EXTRANJERAINGLÉS(ACCESO)
Instrucciones:
a) Duración: 1 hora y 30 minutos.
b) Este examen consta de varios bloques. Debe responder a las preguntas que se indican en cada uno.
c) La puntuación está indicada en cada uno de los apartados.
d) No se permite el uso de diccionario.
El examen consta de 3 Bloques (A, B y C)
En cada bloque (Comprehension, Use of English y Writing) se plantean varias preguntas, de las cuales se deberá responder al número que se indica en cada uno. En caso de responder más cuestiones de las requeridas, serán tenidas en cuenta las respondidas en primer lugar hasta alcanzar dicho número. Las preguntas han de ser respondidas en su totalidad: si la pregunta tiene dos secciones, hay que responder ambas.
BLOQUE A (Comprensión lectora)
Puntuación máxima: 4 puntos
Debe responderse a las 8 preguntas de uno de los 2 textos propuestos.
I * COMPREHENSION (4 points). CHOOSE TEXT 1 OR TEXT 2 AND ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM THAT TEXT ONLY.
TEXT 1: BOY GENIUS
- In a lot of respects, 12-year-old Caleb Anderson is a normal Afro-American kid. But, when he’s not watching Netflix or playing with
- his action figures, he’s busy living life as a first-year university student. Caleb is currently studying at Chattahoochee Technical College
- in Georgia, USA, where he’ll graduate with a Degree in Aerospace Engineering in two years. “When I was like one year old, I wanted
- to go to space,” Caleb said, “I figured that aerospace engineering would be the best path. I’m not really intelligent, I just grasp
- information quickly. So, if I learn quicker, then I get ahead faster.”
- His mother, Claire, first realized her son was gifted when he began imitating her speech at just four weeks old. When he was nine
- months old, Caleb could use more than 250 words in Sign Language. He was just 3 years old when he qualified for MENSA —a non-
- profit organization for people who score 98 out of 100 or higher in a standardized intelligence test. It’s essentially a club for exceptionally
- smart people.
- The boy went on to complete high school by the age of 11 and now his parents supervise him on campus. But when it comes to helping
- with his homework, they cannot do much. “We are not rocket scientists,” his mother explained. Instead, “We have learnt that there are
- other things that we can teach him, mainly about principles such as compassion, kindness and looking for good in others.”
- The family hopes that Caleb’s experience will help others without the same opportunities or resources in education, especially those
- belonging to racial minorities, like Caleb.
CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D). (0.5 points each)
1. Caleb’s parents…
Solución
(d) provide him with an education in values.
Sus padres le enseñan valores (líneas 11-12): “We have learnt that there are other things that we can teach him, mainly about principles such as compassion, kindness and looking for good in others.”
Fue Caleb quien quiso estudiar ingeniería aeroespacial (a); sus padres lo supervisan en el campus, pero no se dice que vivan allí (b); y no pueden ayudarle mucho con los deberes (c).
2. MENSA is a non-profit organization only for…
Solución
(a) gifted people.
MENSA es un club para personas excepcionalmente inteligentes (líneas 8-9): “It’s essentially a club for exceptionally smart people.”
No se limita a estudiantes negros (b), a padres (c) ni a estudiantes de ingeniería (d), sino a quien saque una puntuación muy alta en el test.
ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points each)
3. Caleb doesn’t consider himself to be exceptionally smart.
Solución
TRUE. I’m not really intelligent, I just grasp information quickly. (So, if I learn quicker, then I get ahead faster.) (líneas 4-5).
Caleb dice que no es especialmente inteligente, solo que capta la información rápido.
4. He could speak a foreign language when he was nine months old.
Solución
FALSE. When he was nine months old, Caleb could use more than 250 words in Sign Language. (líneas 6-7).
Lo que usaba era lengua de signos, no un idioma extranjero.
5. Caleb’s parents are also aerospace engineers.
Solución
FALSE. “We are not rocket scientists,” his mother explained. (línea 11).
Sus padres no se dedican a la ingeniería aeroespacial.
6. His parents would like Caleb’s example to be useful to others.
Solución
TRUE. The family hopes that Caleb’s experience will help others without the same opportunities or resources in education, (especially those belonging to racial minorities, like Caleb). (línea 13).
Esperan que su experiencia ayude a otros niños.
7. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
7.1. ONE SYNONYM FOR “benevolence” (noun).
Solución
kindness (línea 12): “compassion, kindness and looking for good in others”.
7.2. ONE SYNONYM FOR “copy” (verb).
Solución
imitating (línea 6): “he began imitating her speech”. También vale el infinitivo, imitate.
8. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
8.1. ONE WORD MEANING “a vehicle that travels into space”.
Solución
rocket (línea 11): “We are not rocket scientists”.
8.2. ONE WORD MEANING “a qualification given to students after they finish their university studies”.
Solución
degree (línea 3): “a Degree in Aerospace Engineering”.
TEXT 2: OMEGA-3
- The difference between oily fish and white fish is like that between long distance runners and lazy people, and you may be surprised
- to learn that the fatty fish are the athletes here. Also known as “pelagic”, from the Greek word for ocean, because they are always on
- the move, sardines, tuna and their kind spend their entire lives swimming in the direction of the next meal. Such an exhausting existence
- requires a ready source of fuel, and the energy these fish need is saturated throughout their body tissues in the form of oil, ready to
- burn.
- Studies on the benefits of this oil to human health started in the 70s. Then, Danish researchers studying Inuit populations in the
- Arctic regions noticed that, despite eating a diet high in saturated fat, there was low incidence of heart disease. They claimed this might
- be thanks to a fatty acid, omega-3, which is found almost exclusively in oily fish. It wasn’t long before a multibillion-dollar industry
- producing supplement pills was born.
- Fish oil, we now know, is rich in the omega-3 fatty acids. They are a vital part of our cells and also play an important role in the
- production of hormones that control the thickness of the blood and the movement of artery walls. Fatty acids also regulate inflammation
- throughout the body. Yet, unlike other kinds of fat, our bodies cannot produce them and must take them from food. Some of these
- omega-3 acids are found in several vegetable sources such as nuts, seeds and leafy vegetables, while others are present in some
- animal fats, mainly in fish.
CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D). (0.5 points each)
9. According to the text, pelagic fish…
Solución
(b) are always in search of food.
Se pasan la vida nadando en busca de su próxima comida (línea 3): “spend their entire lives swimming in the direction of the next meal.”
Pelagic viene de la palabra griega para “océano”, pero no viven solo en mares griegos (a); son peces azules, no blancos (c); y su cuerpo está lleno de grasa (d).
10. Omega-3 acids…
Solución
(c) cannot be generated by the human organism.
Nuestro cuerpo no puede producirlos y debe tomarlos de los alimentos (línea 12): “our bodies cannot produce them and must take them from food.”
Los inuit los consumían en su dieta, no los producían (a); también están en algunos vegetales (b); y se asocian a menos enfermedades del corazón (d).
ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points each)
11. White fish are regularly more active than oily fish.
Solución
FALSE. The difference between oily fish and white fish is like that between long distance runners and lazy people, and you may be surprised to learn that the fatty fish are the athletes here. (líneas 1-2).
Los peces azules son los más activos.
12. Oily fish use their fat as a source of energy.
Solución
TRUE. (Such an exhausting existence requires a ready source of fuel, and) the energy these fish need is saturated throughout their body tissues in the form of oil, ready to burn. (líneas 4-5).
La energía que necesitan está almacenada en forma de aceite.
13. Inuits were the first to point out the benefits of omega-3 in our diet.
Solución
FALSE. Then, Danish researchers studying Inuit populations in the Arctic regions noticed that, despite eating a diet high in saturated fat, there was low incidence of heart disease. (líneas 6-7).
Fueron unos investigadores daneses quienes lo observaron estudiando a los inuit.
14. All vegetables provide omega-3 acids.
Solución
FALSE. Some of these omega-3 acids are found in several vegetable sources such as nuts, seeds and leafy vegetables. (líneas 12-13).
Solo algunos vegetales los contienen.
15. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
15.1. ONE OPPOSITE FOR “energetic” (adjective).
Solución
lazy (línea 1): “long distance runners and lazy people”.
15.2. ONE SYNONYM FOR “whole” (adjective).
Solución
entire (línea 3): “spend their entire lives”.
16. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
16.1. ONE WORD MEANING “something added to something else to improve it or complete it; something extra”.
Solución
supplement (línea 9): “producing supplement pills”.
16.2. ONE WORD MEANING “an occasion when food is served or eaten”.
Solución
meal (línea 3): “in the direction of the next meal”.
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “Please, ask your brother… you with the washing-up.” (help)
17.2. “When she… up, she will be a veterinarian.” (grow)
Solución
17.1. “Please, ask your brother to help you with the washing-up.”
Ask + persona va seguido de to + infinitivo.
17.2. “When she grows up, she will be a veterinarian.”
En las oraciones temporales con when referidas al futuro se usa el presente simple, no will.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Global warming is a problem we all need to sort… .” up / with / on / out
18.2. “… cheese is there in the mouse trap?” How many / How far / How long / How much
Solución
18.1. “Global warming is a problem we all need to sort out.”
El phrasal verb sort out significa “resolver”.
18.2. “How much cheese is there in the mouse trap?”
Cheese es incontable, así que se pregunta por la cantidad con how much.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “In a trade agreement, your word must be kept.”
Solución
(In a trade agreement,) you must keep your word (in a trade agreement).
Con un modal en pasiva (must be kept), la activa lleva modal + infinitivo, con el sujeto genérico you.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “In democracy, all citizens should cast a vote in an election.”
Solución
In democracy, a vote should be cast in an election by all citizens.
Con un modal, la pasiva se forma con modal + be + participio (cast es irregular: cast-cast-cast).
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “We need to eat protein because it is essential to build bones.”
Solución
Why do we/you need to eat protein?
Se pregunta por la causa con why, con el auxiliar do en presente simple.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “Cultivating your own vegetables is a healthy option. It is easier than it seems.”
Solución
Cultivating your own vegetables, which is easier than it seems, is a healthy option. (o …, which is a healthy option, is easier than it seems.)
El pronombre it se sustituye por which en una relativa explicativa entre comas, que se refiere a toda la acción de cultivar.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “I will keep my promise if you keep yours.” As long as…
Solución
As long as you keep your promise, I will keep mine.
As long as (“siempre que”) introduce la condición en presente, como if. Los posesivos se ajustan al nuevo orden: your promise y mine.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “If burglars had broken into the shop, …”
Solución
If burglars had broken into the shop, they would have stolen everything. (por ejemplo)
Tercer condicional: sujeto + could(n’t)/would(n’t) have + participio. También vale un condicional mixto (…, we wouldn’t be open today).
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “They have worked in Thailand for two years.” They began…
Solución
They began working (o to work) in Thailand two years ago.
El present perfect con for se convierte en el pasado simple de begin (+ -ing o to-infinitivo) con ago.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “Does she wants to come to the cinema with us the Sunday?”
Solución
Does she want to come to the cinema with us on Sunday?
Primer error: tras el auxiliar does el verbo va en infinitivo, sin -s. Segundo error: con los días de la semana se usa on.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “My brother cooked a very tasty potato omelette yesterday evening,” she said.
Solución
She said (that) her brother had cooked a very tasty potato omelette the previous evening / the evening before.
El pasado simple retrocede a pasado perfecto, my pasa a her y yesterday evening a the previous evening.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
How often do children help parents with chores? (o How often do parents help children with chores?)
Pregunta por la frecuencia con how often + do + sujeto + verbo. La estructura es help somebody with something.
BLOQUE C (Redacción)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Deberá realizar una redacción de aproximadamente 120 palabras de SOLAMENTE 1 de los dos temas propuestos.
III * WRITING (3 points)
29. WRITE A COMPOSITION OF APPROXIMATELY 120 WORDS ABOUT ONE OF THE TOPICS PROPOSED AND FOCUS STRICTLY ON IT. CHOOSE ONE TOPIC ONLY:
29.1. If you had a superpower, what would it be and what would you do? Explain.
29.2. Are your eating habits healthy? Explain.