Use of English.
Inglés, exámenes de 2024.
El Use of English vale 3 puntos, a 0,5 por pregunta: reescribir frases sin cambiar su significado (condicionales, pasiva, estilo indirecto, comparativos…) y, hasta 2024, también completar huecos, corregir errores o formular preguntas. Cada respuesta lleva la explicación gramatical en español.
Convocatoria ordinaria
Junio 2024
Convocatoria ordinaria
Junio 2024
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “Please, let me … when you are coming.” (know)
17.2. “When you arrived, we …” (already / leave)
Solución
17.1. “Please, let me know when you are coming.”
Let + objeto va seguido de infinitivo sin to: let me know.
17.2. “When you arrived, we had already left.”
Se usa el pasado perfecto (had + participio) para una acción anterior a otra acción pasada: ya nos habíamos ido cuando llegaste. Already va entre had y el participio.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Neither Tom … Claire came to the meeting.” nor / or / either / neither
18.2. “You need to follow the recipe step … step.” at / by / on / for
Solución
18.1. “Neither Tom nor Claire came to the meeting.”
Neither siempre va con nor (“ni… ni…”), igual que either va con or.
18.2. “You need to follow the recipe step by step.”
Step by step (“paso a paso”) es una expresión fija.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The accident has been caused by a driver using a mobile phone.”
Solución
A driver using a mobile phone has caused the accident.
El agente (by a driver using a mobile phone) pasa a ser el sujeto y el sujeto de la pasiva (the accident) pasa a ser el objeto. Se mantiene el present perfect: has been caused → has caused.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “Is somebody going to order the pizzas in the end?”
Solución
Are the pizzas going to be ordered in the end?
El objeto (the pizzas, plural) pasa a ser el sujeto, por eso el verbo es are. Con be going to la pasiva se forma con going to be + participio. El agente somebody no aporta información y se omite.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “They sold Anna’s car in just one week.”
Solución
Whose car did they sell in just one week?
Para preguntar por el poseedor se usa whose + nombre (whose car). Como el verbo está en pasado simple, la pregunta lleva el auxiliar did y el verbo en infinitivo: sold → did… sell.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “Detroit is the city. They lived there when they were young.”
Solución
Detroit is the city where (o in which) they lived when they were young.
El adverbio there se refiere a un lugar (the city), así que se sustituye por el relativo where o por in which, y desaparece.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “I’d rather you didn’t stay long at the party.” You had…
Solución
You had better not stay long at the party.
I’d rather you didn’t… expresa una preferencia sobre lo que hace otra persona; con had better not + infinitivo sin to se convierte en un consejo. La negación va detrás de better.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “Unless Jake finds a proper solution, …”
Solución
Unless Jake finds a proper solution, the problem will get worse. (por ejemplo)
Es un primer condicional: si la condición va en presente simple (finds), la oración principal lleva sujeto + will, can o may + infinitivo. También vale sujeto + presente simple si es una verdad general (…, he loses his job). Cualquier final con sentido y con esa estructura es correcto.
25. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “Despite of the challenges, we managed completing the project on time.”
Solución
Despite the challenges, we managed to complete the project on time.
Primer error: despite no lleva of (se confunde con in spite of). Segundo error: manage va seguido de to + infinitivo, no de -ing.
26. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “The policewoman asked to see my driving license.”
Solución
“Can/Could/May I see your driving license (, please)?” the policewoman said to me / asked (me).
Una petición en estilo indirecto (asked to see) se convierte en una pregunta de petición con Can/Could/May I…?. Cambian los pronombres: my (quien cuenta la historia) pasa a your, porque ahora habla la policía.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘I must return the car to my father next weekend,’ Paul said.”
Solución
Paul said (that) he had to return the car to his father the following weekend / the weekend after.
En estilo indirecto, must de obligación pasa a had to; los pronombres cambian (I → he, my → his) y la expresión de tiempo también: next weekend → the following weekend o the weekend after. That se puede omitir.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
There should be enough apple pie for everyone at the bakery.
La estructura es there + modal + be (“debería haber”). Enough va delante del nombre (enough apple pie), seguido de for + persona, y al final el lugar: at the bakery.
Convocatoria extraordinaria
Julio 2024
Convocatoria extraordinaria
Julio 2024
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “When hanging out with your friends, avoid … junk food.” (buy)
17.2. “At 9 p.m. tomorrow I … over Cambridge.” (fly)
Solución
17.1. “When hanging out with your friends, avoid buying junk food.”
El verbo avoid va siempre seguido de -ing.
17.2. “At 9 p.m. tomorrow I will be flying over Cambridge.”
Se usa el futuro continuo (will be + -ing) para una acción que estará en curso en un momento concreto del futuro: mañana a las nueve.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “There is … noise in the classroom.” too many / too much / few / a lot
18.2. “Lisa came … a gold ring in the sand.” up / off / round / across
Solución
18.1. “There is too much noise in the classroom.”
Noise es incontable, así que va con much; too many y few son para contables, y a lot necesitaría of (a lot of noise).
18.2. “Lisa came across a gold ring in the sand.”
El phrasal verb come across significa “encontrar por casualidad”.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “Will Ed Sheeran’s new album be released soon?”
Solución
Will they release Ed Sheeran’s new album soon?
Como la pasiva no indica quién hace la acción, en activa se usa el sujeto genérico they. Se mantiene el futuro: will be released → will… release, y el sujeto de la pasiva pasa a ser el objeto.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “You may see dolphins in this area if the sea is calm.”
Solución
Dolphins may be seen in this area if the sea is calm.
El objeto (dolphins) pasa a ser el sujeto. Con un modal, la pasiva se forma con modal + be + participio: may be seen. El sujeto genérico you no aporta información y se omite.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “The museum is just two miles from here.”
Solución
How far (from here) is the museum (from here)?
Para preguntar por una distancia se usa how far. Con el verbo be se invierte el orden sujeto-verbo: is the museum. From here puede ir detrás de how far o al final.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “Ann’s favourite dish is chicken Tikka Masala. She buys it at the local shop.”
Solución
Ann’s favourite dish is chicken Tikka Masala, which she buys at the local shop. (o Ann’s favourite dish, which she buys at the local shop, is chicken Tikka Masala.)
El pronombre it se sustituye por el relativo which y desaparece. Es una relativa explicativa, porque solo añade información sobre un plato ya identificado, así que va entre comas y no admite that.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “The podcast was so fascinating that I couldn’t stop listening to it.” It was such…
Solución
It was such a fascinating podcast that I couldn’t stop listening to it.
So va delante de un adjetivo solo (so fascinating); such va delante de a/an + adjetivo + nombre (such a fascinating podcast).
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE: “My mother got promoted last month, since…”
Solución
My mother got promoted last month, since she had worked very hard all year. (por ejemplo)
Aquí since significa “ya que, porque” e introduce una causa, así que debe ir seguido de sujeto + verbo conjugado: en presente simple, present perfect, pasado simple o pasado perfecto (since she is very good at her job, since she has a lot of experience…). Cualquier causa con sentido y con esa estructura es correcta.
25. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “I’m not used to speak in public, but I’m getting better in it.”
Solución
I’m not used to speaking in public, but I’m getting better at it.
Primer error: en be used to (“estar acostumbrado a”), to es una preposición, así que va seguido de -ing. Segundo error: good/better se construye con la preposición at, no in.
26. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “My colleague asked me to postpone our meeting.”
Solución
“Could/Can we/you postpone our meeting(, please)?” asked my colleague / my colleague asked (me). (o “Postpone our meeting(, please),” asked my colleague / my colleague asked (me).)
Una petición en estilo indirecto (asked me to + infinitivo) se convierte en una pregunta de petición con Could/Can…? o en un imperativo, entre comillas. El posesivo our se mantiene porque la reunión es de los dos.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘If you have any problems with the heater, you can call me tonight,’ the landlord told Sally.”
Solución
The landlord said to / told Sally (that) if she had any problems with the heater, she could call him that night.
En estilo indirecto los tiempos retroceden (have → had, can → could), cambian los pronombres (you → she, me → him) y la expresión de tiempo (tonight → that night). That se puede omitir.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
He is likely to miss the established deadline.
La estructura be likely to + infinitivo significa “es probable que”. El participio established funciona como adjetivo y va delante del nombre: the established deadline (“el plazo fijado”).
Examen de reserva
Reserva 1 2024
Examen de reserva
Reserva 1 2024
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “Please, don’t make me … it again.” (say)
17.2. “By this time next year, I … at Harvard University.” (study)
Solución
17.1. “Please, don’t make me say it again.”
Make + objeto (“obligar a alguien a hacer algo”) va seguido de infinitivo sin to.
17.2. “By this time next year, I will be studying at Harvard University.”
Se usa el futuro continuo (will be + -ing) para una acción que estará en curso en un momento concreto del futuro.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Some thieves broke … my house last night.” up / into / across / to
18.2. “The more you work out, the … you feel.” better / well / best / worst
Solución
18.1. “Some thieves broke into my house last night.”
El phrasal verb break into significa “entrar a robar”.
18.2. “The more you work out, the better you feel.”
La estructura the + comparativo…, the + comparativo (“cuanto más…, más…”) exige un comparativo: better, no best ni well.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The Prime Minister is said to be preparing a statement.”
Solución
People/They say (that) the Prime Minister is preparing a statement.
La pasiva con sujeto personal (is said to be + -ing) pasa a activa con un sujeto genérico (people o they) y say (that) + oración con el verbo conjugado.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “Somebody must have dropped my mobile phone in the pool.”
Solución
My mobile phone must have been dropped in the pool.
El objeto pasa a ser el sujeto. Con must have + participio, la pasiva se forma con must have been + participio. El agente somebody se omite.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “I’d rather go to the cinema tonight.”
Solución
Where would you/I rather go (to) tonight?
Se pregunta por un lugar con where; el auxiliar would va delante del sujeto. La preposición to puede omitirse o quedarse al final.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “I will never forget my daughter’s graduation day. She gave a moving speech that day.”
Solución
I will never forget my daughter’s graduation day, when (o in which) she gave a moving speech.
That day se refiere a un momento, así que se sustituye por el relativo de tiempo when o por in which.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “I had never read such a long book.” It was…
Solución
It was the longest book (that) I had ever read.
Never… such a long se convierte en un superlativo con ever. Se mantiene el pasado perfecto (had ever read).
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “If you had called me earlier, …”
Solución
If you had called me earlier, I would have picked you up at the station. (por ejemplo)
Tercer condicional: con if + pasado perfecto, la oración principal lleva sujeto + would/could/might have + participio. También vale un condicional mixto con consecuencia presente (…, I wouldn’t be so worried now).
25. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “I am looking forward to go to Australia, which is my favorite country of the whole world.”
Solución
I am looking forward to going to Australia, which is my favorite country in the whole world.
Primer error: en look forward to, to es preposición y va seguido de -ing. Segundo error: con un lugar se dice in the whole world, no of.
26. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “Sarah said she had lost her keys the night before.”
Solución
Sarah said, “I lost my keys yesterday night / last night.”
En estilo directo el pasado perfecto vuelve a pasado simple, los pronombres cambian (she → I, her → my) y the night before pasa a last night.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘We won’t be able to attend your party today,’ they told us.”
Solución
They said to / told us that they wouldn’t be able to attend our party (on) that day.
Won’t retrocede a wouldn’t, your pasa a our y today a that day.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
How about inviting her to dinner tomorrow evening?
Sugerencia con How about + -ing. Detrás van el objeto (her), to dinner y la expresión de tiempo; el signo de interrogación cierra la frase.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 2 2024
Examen de reserva
Reserva 2 2024
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “I … here for more than an hour and a half.” (wait)
17.2. “You had better … at least three times a week.” (exercise)
Solución
17.1. “I have been waiting (o have waited) here for more than an hour and a half.”
Con for + duración hasta ahora se usa el present perfect; la forma continua subraya que la espera sigue.
17.2. “You had better exercise at least three times a week.”
Had better va seguido de infinitivo sin to.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “As the office was closed, … could receive the parcel.” somebody / anybody / nobody / everybody
18.2. “We need to concentrate … this project.” in / on / with / about
Solución
18.1. “As the office was closed, nobody could receive the parcel.”
Si la oficina estaba cerrada, nadie pudo recoger el paquete. Como el verbo (could) es afirmativo, la negación la aporta nobody.
18.2. “We need to concentrate on this project.”
Concentrate on (“concentrarse en”) lleva la preposición on.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The escaped criminal was seen at the train station yesterday by some passengers.”
Solución
Some passengers saw the escaped criminal at the train station yesterday.
El agente (by some passengers) pasa a ser el sujeto y se mantiene el pasado simple: was seen → saw.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “People say that Shakira is the best artist in South America.”
Solución
It is said that Shakira is the best artist in South America. (o Shakira is said to be the best artist in South America.)
Con verbos de opinión como say hay dos pasivas: impersonal (it is said that + oración) o con sujeto personal (Shakira is said + to-infinitivo).
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “Sonia used to drive to London twice a month.”
Solución
How often (o How many times) did Sonia use to drive to London?
Para preguntar por la frecuencia se usa how often. En interrogativa, used to se forma con did + use to, sin -d.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “Macbeth is a powerful play. I read it last month.”
Solución
Macbeth, which I read last month, is a powerful play. (o Macbeth is a powerful play that/which I read last month.)
El pronombre it se sustituye por un relativo. Si la relativa sigue a Macbeth (nombre propio), es explicativa y va entre comas con which; si sigue a a powerful play, es especificativa.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “Everybody stayed indoors because the weather was cold.” Due to…
Solución
Due to the cold weather, everybody stayed indoors. (o Due to the fact that the weather was cold… / Due to the weather being cold…)
Because va seguido de una oración; due to va seguido de un nombre, de the fact that + oración o de -ing.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “As long as we invest our money wisely, …”
Solución
As long as we invest our money wisely, we will have a comfortable retirement. (por ejemplo)
As long as (“siempre que”) funciona como un primer condicional: la oración principal lleva sujeto + will/can/may + infinitivo.
25. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “Every students must to call their parents right away.”
Solución
Every student must call their parents right away.
Primer error: every va con un nombre en singular. Segundo error: el modal must va seguido de infinitivo sin to.
26. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “She told her friend that she wasn’t feeling well then.”
Solución
“I’m not feeling well right now,” she told her friend.
En estilo directo, el pasado continuo vuelve a presente continuo, she pasa a I y then a (right) now.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘Shall I get you a drink?’ she asked me.”
Solución
She offered (to get) me a drink.
Shall I…? es un ofrecimiento, así que en estilo indirecto se usa el verbo offer, seguido de to-infinitivo o directamente de los objetos.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
It is a pity they won’t travel with us.
La expresión it is a pity (that) (“es una pena que”) va seguida de una oración; aquí se omite that.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 3 2024
Examen de reserva
Reserva 3 2024
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “We are used to … early.” (wake up)
17.2. “Mary Jane … the trip because it will rain tomorrow.” (just / put off)
Solución
17.1. “We are used to waking up early.”
En be used to (“estar acostumbrado a”), to es una preposición, así que va seguido de -ing.
17.2. “Mary Jane has just put off the trip because it will rain tomorrow.”
Para algo que acaba de ocurrir se usa el present perfect con just entre has y el participio. Put off significa “aplazar”.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Send me his phone number … I can contact him for the party.” in order to / so that / so as to / for
18.2. “Adults should prevent teenagers … drinking alcohol.” from / on / toward / off
Solución
18.1. “Send me his phone number so that I can contact him for the party.”
Detrás del hueco hay una oración con sujeto y verbo (I can contact), así que se necesita so that; in order to y so as to van con infinitivo.
18.2. “Adults should prevent teenagers from drinking alcohol.”
Prevent somebody from + -ing significa “impedir que alguien haga algo”.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “Was this cathedral built in the 17th century?”
Solución
Did they build this cathedral in the 17th century?
Como la pasiva no indica quién la construyó, se usa el sujeto genérico they. La pregunta en pasado simple activo se forma con did + infinitivo.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “Nobody is cleaning the building at the moment.”
Solución
The building isn’t being cleaned at the moment.
Pasiva del presente continuo (is being + participio). Como el sujeto nobody era negativo, la pasiva va en negativa.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “I have been living in Dublin for three years.”
Solución
How long have you/I been living in Dublin?
Para preguntar por una duración se usa how long, con el auxiliar have delante del sujeto.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “During the prom, James met Sheryl. He immediately fell in love with her.”
Solución
During the prom, James met Sheryl, who(m) he immediately fell in love with. (o …Sheryl, with whom he immediately fell in love.)
El pronombre her se sustituye por who(m). La preposición with puede quedarse al final o ir delante de whom. Como Sheryl es un nombre propio, la relativa va entre comas.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “They repaired Ken’s car yesterday.” Ken…
Solución
Ken got/had his car repaired yesterday.
Estructura causativa get/have + objeto + participio: Ken encargó la reparación a otros.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “If I had known about the heavy traffic, …”
Solución
If I had known about the heavy traffic, I would have left home earlier. (por ejemplo)
Tercer condicional: sujeto + would/could/might have + participio. También vale un condicional mixto con consecuencia presente (…, I wouldn’t be late now).
25. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “I don’t know where did he go in holiday last summer.”
Solución
I don’t know where he went on holiday last summer.
Primer error: en una pregunta indirecta no hay auxiliar ni inversión (where he went). Segundo error: “de vacaciones” es on holiday.
26. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “The doctor advised me to take more exercise.”
Solución
“You should (o ought to) take more exercise,” the doctor said to / told / advised me.
Un consejo en estilo indirecto (advised me to) se convierte en estilo directo con should u ought to.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘We are moving to a new apartment next month,’ they announced.”
Solución
They announced/said (that) they were moving to a new apartment the following month / the month after.
El presente continuo retrocede a pasado continuo y next month pasa a the following month o the month after.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
Would you mind waiting for me in the car?
Petición educada con Would you mind + -ing (“¿te importaría…?”), seguida de for me y del lugar.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 4 2024
Examen de reserva
Reserva 4 2024
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “I would rather you … near me.” (not smoke)
17.2. “I wish I … abroad last year.” (travel)
Solución
17.1. “I would rather you didn’t smoke near me.”
Would rather + otra persona + pasado simple expresa lo que preferimos que haga; el pasado se refiere al presente.
17.2. “I wish I had travelled (o traveled) abroad last year.”
Para lamentar algo del pasado se usa wish + pasado perfecto.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “We suggested … for an hour.” gathering / to gather / to gathering / gather
18.2. “I can’t remember the meaning of this word. I’ll look it … in the dictionary.” down / up / for / out
Solución
18.1. “We suggested gathering for an hour.”
El verbo suggest va seguido de -ing (o de that + oración), nunca de to-infinitivo.
18.2. “I’ll look it up in the dictionary.”
El phrasal verb look up significa “buscar” una palabra o un dato.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The burgers are going to be prepared by Joseph.”
Solución
Joseph is going to prepare the burgers.
El agente (by Joseph) pasa a ser el sujeto y se mantiene be going to, ahora en singular: is going to prepare.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “Nobody has bought the decorations for the party yet.”
Solución
The decorations for the party haven’t been bought yet.
Pasiva del present perfect (have been + participio). Como el sujeto nobody era negativo, la pasiva va en negativa.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “The professor told the students to remain silent.”
Solución
Who told the students to remain silent?
Se pregunta por el sujeto, así que who ocupa su lugar y no se usa el auxiliar did.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “The Chemistry teacher was late for her class that day. She is usually on time.”
Solución
The Chemistry teacher, who is usually on time, was late for her class that day.
El pronombre she se sustituye por who en una relativa explicativa entre comas, porque solo añade información sobre una profesora ya identificada.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “They spent a week repainting the kitchen.” It took…
Solución
It took them a week to repaint the kitchen.
Spend + tiempo + -ing equivale a it takes + persona + tiempo + to-infinitivo.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE: “We’ll have to postpone the event so that…”
Solución
We’ll have to postpone the event so that more people can attend. (por ejemplo)
So that expresa finalidad y va seguido de sujeto + presente simple, o sujeto + can/may + infinitivo.
25. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “When King Charles arrived to the British Museum, everyone were waiting at the door.”
Solución
When King Charles arrived at the British Museum, everyone was waiting at the door.
Primer error: con un edificio o lugar concreto se dice arrive at, no arrive to. Segundo error: everyone va con el verbo en singular.
26. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “Grace apologized to Will for having forgotten his birthday.”
Solución
Grace said to / told Will, “I’m sorry I forgot (o have forgotten) your birthday.” (o Grace said, “Will, I’m sorry I forgot your birthday.”)
Una disculpa en estilo indirecto (apologized for + -ing) se convierte en I’m sorry + oración; his pasa a your.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘Your exam will take place next week, Peter,’ the teacher said.”
Solución
The teacher said to / told Peter that his exam would take place the following week.
Will retrocede a would, your pasa a his y next week a the following week.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
My sister got her wedding dress designed by Armani.
Estructura causativa get + objeto + participio, con el agente introducido por by.