PRUEBA DE EVALUACIÓN DE BACHILLERATO PARA ELACCESO A LA UNIVERSIDAD Y PRUEBAS DE ADMISIÓN
ANDALUCÍA, CEUTA, MELILLA y CENTROS en MARRUECOS
CURSO 2023-2024
LENGUA EXTRANJERA(INGLÉS) ACCESO
Instrucciones:
a) Duración: 1 hora y 30 minutos.
b) Todas las cuestiones deben responderse en el papel entregado para la realización del examen y nunca en los folios que contienen los enunciados.
c) Este examen consta de varios bloques. Debe responder a las preguntas que se indican en cada uno.
d) La puntuación está indicada en cada uno de los apartados.
e) No se permite el uso de diccionario.
El examen consta de 3 Bloques (A, B y C)
En cada bloque (Comprehension, Use of English y Writing) se plantean varias preguntas, de las que se deberá responder al número que se indica en cada uno. En caso de responder más cuestiones de las requeridas, serán tenidas en cuenta las respondidas en primer lugar hasta alcanzar dicho número. Las preguntas han de ser respondidas en su totalidad: si la pregunta tiene dos secciones, hay que responder ambas.
BLOQUE A (Comprensión lectora)
Puntuación máxima: 4 puntos
Debe responderse a las 8 preguntas de uno de los 2 textos propuestos.
COMPREHENSION (4 points). CHOOSE TEXT 1 OR TEXT 2 AND ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM THAT TEXT ONLY.
TEXT 1: DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
- Spring marks many changes and, for many people around the world, the beginning of Daylight Saving Time (DST). The idea
- behind the clock shift is to make better use of sunlight.
- Benjamin Franklin is often credited as the first to suggest the change in 1784. When he was an American delegate in Paris,
- he felt he was wasting his Parisian mornings by staying in bed after the sun had come up. He ironically proposed that the French
- should fire cannons at sunrise to wake up people, so that they would go to bed earlier and use fewer candles at night.
- It wasn’t until resources became limited during World War I that Germany decided to go ahead with a clock-changing plan,
- implementing the first DST in 1916. Most of Europe followed their example in a matter of weeks, and the United States did the
- same in 1918.
- Nowadays, DST still has fervent supporters who claim that it helps drive the economy. Conversely, it’s often argued that, apart
- from the legion of missed meetings and sleepy citizens, DST causes adverse effects on our health and safety. Studies reveal that
- changing clocks brings about an increase in heart attacks and fatal car accidents. DST opponents even question whether there
- have ever been energy savings at all.
- All in all, the time shift is becoming more and more unpopular around the world, since people today are fond of going out after
- work and it’s obviously nicer doing so when it’s lighter outside. Recently, a survey showed 80% of Europeans were against DST,
- and every October the matter is a controversial topic, with people either expressing enthusiasm about sunny mornings or
- complaining about shorter days.
CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D). (0.5 points each)
1. According to the text, Daylight Saving Time (DST)…
Solución
(d) has been argued to improve the economy.
Sus defensores aseguran que ayuda a impulsar la economía (línea 9): “DST still has fervent supporters who claim that it helps drive the economy.”
Tiene efectos negativos para la salud (“adverse effects on our health and safety”) (a); lo propuso Franklin, no el Gobierno francés (b); y deja a los ciudadanos con sueño (“sleepy citizens”) (c).
2. According to the text, Benjamin Franklin…
Solución
(a) suggested changing sleeping habits.
Propuso, en tono irónico, despertar a la gente al amanecer para que se acostara antes (líneas 4-5): “He ironically proposed that the French should fire cannons at sunrise to wake up people, so that they would go to bed earlier”.
Se le atribuye la primera propuesta de cambio de hora (b); sentía que desperdiciaba las mañanas en la cama, no que le gustara dormir (c); y su propuesta fue irónica, no llegó a aplicarse (d).
ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points each)
3. According to the text, clocks change in the spring to make the most of natural light.
Solución
TRUE. Spring (marks many changes and, for many people around the world, the beginning of Daylight Saving Time (DST).) The idea behind the clock shift is to make better use of sunlight. (líneas 1-2).
El cambio de hora empieza en primavera para aprovechar mejor la luz del sol.
4. The Germans put the clock shift into effect to help fight the shortage of supplies.
Solución
TRUE. It wasn’t until resources became limited during World War I that Germany decided to go ahead with a clock-changing plan, implementing the first DST in 1916. (líneas 6-7).
Alemania lo aplicó cuando los recursos escaseaban durante la Primera Guerra Mundial.
5. People may even die due to Daylight Saving Time (DST).
Solución
TRUE. (Studies reveal that) changing clocks brings about an increase in heart attacks and fatal car accidents. (líneas 10-11).
El cambio de hora aumenta los infartos y los accidentes de tráfico mortales.
6. According to the text, Daylight Saving Time (DST) fits nicely in our current lifestyle.
Solución
FALSE. (All in all, the time shift is becoming more and more unpopular around the world, since) people today are fond of going out after work and it’s obviously nicer doing so when it’s lighter outside. (líneas 13-14).
El cambio de hora es cada vez más impopular porque no encaja con la costumbre de salir después del trabajo.
7. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
7.1. ONE OPPOSITE FOR: “sunset” (noun)
Solución
sunrise (línea 5): “fire cannons at sunrise”.
7.2. ONE SYNONYM FOR: “crash” (noun)
Solución
accidents (línea 11): “fatal car accidents”. En singular, también vale accident.
8. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
8.1. ONE WORD MEANING: “to shoot ammunition from a weapon.”
Solución
fire (línea 5): “the French should fire cannons”.
8.2. ONE WORD MEANING: “in a forward direction, onwards.”
Solución
ahead (línea 6): “to go ahead with a clock-changing plan”.
TEXT 2: JUNETEENTH
- On June 17th, 2021, President Biden signed into law the bill that established as a national public holiday June 19th, Juneteenth
- National Independence Day. Despite Juneteenth’s storied history, the holiday had largely gone unnoticed by non-Black Americans
- for long. It was the Black Lives Matter movement that pushed Juneteenth into the national spotlight, following decades of activists’
- calls for recognition of the landmark occasion.
- In 1863, during the American Civil War between the Union and the Confederacy, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation
- Proclamation, which declared free more than three million slaves living in the Confederate States. More than two years would
- pass, however, before the news reached African Americans living in Texas. It was not until Union soldiers arrived in Galveston,
- Texas, on June 19th, 1865 that the town’s residents finally learned that slavery had been abolished. The former slaves immediately
- began to celebrate with prayer, feasting, song and dance.
- The following year, on June 19th, the first official Juneteenth celebrations took place in Texas. They included prayer meetings
- and the singing of spirituals, and celebrants wore new clothes as a way of representing their newfound freedom.
- Since African Americans were prohibited from using public facilities, they often held their annual celebration of freedom at their
- churches or out in rural areas around rivers and streams, which could provide for additional activities such as fishing, horseback riding
- and barbecues. There were also visits to the cemeteries to reunite the freed and living with their dead and enslaved ancestors.
- Having been commemorated for more than 160 years, Juneteenth has now become a date representing African Americans’
- struggle for freedom and equality, as well as an occasion for family and community celebration.
CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D). (0.5 points each)
9. According to the text, Juneteenth originally celebrated…
Solución
(d) the emancipation of slaves in Galveston.
Recuerda el día en que los esclavos de Galveston supieron que eran libres (líneas 7-8): “It was not until Union soldiers arrived in Galveston, Texas, on June 19th, 1865 that the town’s residents finally learned that slavery had been abolished.”
No conmemora el fin de la guerra (a); la proclamación de Lincoln fue en 1863, dos años antes (b); y Black Lives Matter es un movimiento reciente que dio visibilidad a la fiesta (c).
10. According to the text, Juneteenth celebrations were…
Solución
(b) enjoyed in a cheerful manner.
Se celebraban con alegría: oraciones, banquetes, canciones y bailes (líneas 8-9), “began to celebrate with prayer, feasting, song and dance.”
Fue Biden quien la declaró fiesta nacional en 2021 (a); también se celebraba en las iglesias (c); y el texto no dice que los soldados la fomentaran (d).
ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points each)
11. Non-black Americans have traditionally taken part in Juneteenth events.
Solución
FALSE. (Despite Juneteenth’s storied history,) the holiday had largely gone unnoticed by non-Black Americans for long. (líneas 2-3).
Durante mucho tiempo la fiesta pasó desapercibida para los estadounidenses que no eran negros.
12. The Black Lives Matter movement has played a key role in making Juneteenth a national holiday.
Solución
TRUE. It was the Black Lives Matter movement that pushed Juneteenth into the national spotlight(, following decades of activists’ calls for recognition of the landmark occasion). (líneas 3-4).
Black Lives Matter dio a la fiesta relevancia nacional.
13. Enslaved people in Galveston were initially reluctant to believe they had been freed.
Solución
FALSE. The former slaves immediately began to celebrate with prayer, feasting, song and dance. (líneas 8-9).
Lo celebraron de inmediato; no dudaron de la noticia.
14. Juneteenth celebration outfits were symbolic of Blacks’ new condition.
Solución
TRUE. (They included prayer meetings and the singing of spirituals, and) celebrants wore new clothes as a way of representing their newfound freedom. (líneas 10-11).
La ropa nueva simbolizaba su recién conseguida libertad.
15. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
15.1. ONE SYNONYM FOR: “ban” (verb)
Solución
prohibited (línea 12): “were prohibited from using public facilities”. También vale el infinitivo, prohibit.
15.2. ONE SYNONYM FOR: “fight” (noun)
Solución
struggle (línea 16): “struggle for freedom and equality”.
16. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
16.1. ONE WORD MEANING: “a place used for a particular activity.”
Solución
facilities (línea 12): “public facilities”. En singular, también vale facility.
16.2. ONE WORD MEANING: “a social gathering where people come together to enjoy grilled food.”
Solución
barbecues (línea 14): “horseback riding and barbecues”. En singular, también vale barbecue.
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “We are used to … early.” (wake up)
17.2. “Mary Jane … the trip because it will rain tomorrow.” (just / put off)
Solución
17.1. “We are used to waking up early.”
En be used to (“estar acostumbrado a”), to es una preposición, así que va seguido de -ing.
17.2. “Mary Jane has just put off the trip because it will rain tomorrow.”
Para algo que acaba de ocurrir se usa el present perfect con just entre has y el participio. Put off significa “aplazar”.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Send me his phone number … I can contact him for the party.” in order to / so that / so as to / for
18.2. “Adults should prevent teenagers … drinking alcohol.” from / on / toward / off
Solución
18.1. “Send me his phone number so that I can contact him for the party.”
Detrás del hueco hay una oración con sujeto y verbo (I can contact), así que se necesita so that; in order to y so as to van con infinitivo.
18.2. “Adults should prevent teenagers from drinking alcohol.”
Prevent somebody from + -ing significa “impedir que alguien haga algo”.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “Was this cathedral built in the 17th century?”
Solución
Did they build this cathedral in the 17th century?
Como la pasiva no indica quién la construyó, se usa el sujeto genérico they. La pregunta en pasado simple activo se forma con did + infinitivo.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “Nobody is cleaning the building at the moment.”
Solución
The building isn’t being cleaned at the moment.
Pasiva del presente continuo (is being + participio). Como el sujeto nobody era negativo, la pasiva va en negativa.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “I have been living in Dublin for three years.”
Solución
How long have you/I been living in Dublin?
Para preguntar por una duración se usa how long, con el auxiliar have delante del sujeto.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “During the prom, James met Sheryl. He immediately fell in love with her.”
Solución
During the prom, James met Sheryl, who(m) he immediately fell in love with. (o …Sheryl, with whom he immediately fell in love.)
El pronombre her se sustituye por who(m). La preposición with puede quedarse al final o ir delante de whom. Como Sheryl es un nombre propio, la relativa va entre comas.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “They repaired Ken’s car yesterday.” Ken…
Solución
Ken got/had his car repaired yesterday.
Estructura causativa get/have + objeto + participio: Ken encargó la reparación a otros.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “If I had known about the heavy traffic, …”
Solución
If I had known about the heavy traffic, I would have left home earlier. (por ejemplo)
Tercer condicional: sujeto + would/could/might have + participio. También vale un condicional mixto con consecuencia presente (…, I wouldn’t be late now).
25. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “I don’t know where did he go in holiday last summer.”
Solución
I don’t know where he went on holiday last summer.
Primer error: en una pregunta indirecta no hay auxiliar ni inversión (where he went). Segundo error: “de vacaciones” es on holiday.
26. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “The doctor advised me to take more exercise.”
Solución
“You should (o ought to) take more exercise,” the doctor said to / told / advised me.
Un consejo en estilo indirecto (advised me to) se convierte en estilo directo con should u ought to.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘We are moving to a new apartment next month,’ they announced.”
Solución
They announced/said (that) they were moving to a new apartment the following month / the month after.
El presente continuo retrocede a pasado continuo y next month pasa a the following month o the month after.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
Would you mind waiting for me in the car?
Petición educada con Would you mind + -ing (“¿te importaría…?”), seguida de for me y del lugar.
BLOQUE C (Redacción)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Deberá realizar una redacción de un mínimo de 120 palabras de UNO de los dos temas propuestos SOLAMENTE.
WRITING (3 points)
29. WRITE A COMPOSITION OF AT LEAST 120 WORDS ABOUT ONE OF THE TOPICS PROPOSED AND FOCUS ON IT. CHOOSE ONE TOPIC ONLY:
29.1. Are you a day or night person? Explain.
29.2. What type of outdoor activities do you enjoy best? Give reasons.