PRUEBA DE EVALUACIÓN DE BACHILLERATO PARA ELACCESO A LA UNIVERSIDAD Y PRUEBAS DE ADMISIÓN
ANDALUCÍA, CEUTA, MELILLA y CENTROS en MARRUECOS
CONVOCATORIA ORDINARIA. CURSO 2021-2022
LENGUA EXTRANJERAINGLÉS(ACCESO)
Instrucciones:
a) Duración: 1 hora y 30 minutos.
b) Este examen consta de varios bloques. Debe responder a las preguntas que se indican en cada uno.
c) La puntuación está indicada en cada uno de los apartados.
d) No se permite el uso de diccionario.
El examen consta de 3 Bloques (A, B y C)
En cada bloque (Comprehension, Use of English y Writing) se plantean varias preguntas, de las que se deberá responder al número que se indica en cada uno. En caso de responder más cuestiones de las requeridas, serán tenidas en cuenta las respondidas en primer lugar hasta alcanzar dicho número. Las preguntas han de ser respondidas en su totalidad: si la pregunta tiene dos secciones, hay que responder ambas.
BLOQUE A (Comprensión lectora)
Puntuación máxima: 4 puntos
Debe responderse a las 8 preguntas de uno de los 2 textos propuestos.
I * COMPREHENSION (4 points). CHOOSE TEXT 1 OR TEXT 2 AND ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM THAT TEXT ONLY.
TEXT 1: IT’S NOT EASY TO BE GREEN
- “I’ll try to eat less meat,” you think, as you pick up a plant-based alternative to your usual beef burger. Then you discover it’s
- almost double the price of the meaty version on the next shop shelf. “Sorry, meat wins.”
- Supermarkets have expanded the range of meat-alternative products in the last five years, with a variety of items that would
- tempt any carnivore. There’s one problem, though: the price.
- Plant-based options often cost more than regular meat products. Take Bird’s Eye nuggets as an example. A standard packet
- costs £1.55 at Tesco; the brand’s vegan choice is £2.50. So, why are they so pricey? Plant-based alternatives are a relatively new
- and developing part of the market, which means more money is spent on research and innovation to ensure they meet the demand
- for taste and quality. The good news is that the market is moving in the right direction. In December 2020, Plant & Bean opened
- Europe’s largest plant-based meat production facility in the UK to help drive down prices.
- Supermarkets are also making changes. In April, Co-Op invested more than £1.7 million to reduce the cost of vegan food. As
- part of the move, its own-brand vegan sausages fell from £3 to £1.45. No ingredients were changed.
- Until prices go down, the Vegan Society says it’s still possible to embrace a vegan lifestyle by choosing other products. Actually,
- it’s a misconception that vegan food is necessarily more expensive than animal products since some of the cheapest key
- components of a vegan diet are rice, pasta, vegetables and beans.
- The Vegan Society hopes to increase access to affordable plant-based food and support vegans who find themselves in
- financial difficulty.
CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D). (0.5 points each)
1. According to the text, vegan products are…
Solución
(c) appealing to non-vegan people too.
Los supermercados ofrecen alternativas a la carne que tentarían incluso a quien come carne (líneas 3-4): “a variety of items that would tempt any carnivore.”
Es lo contrario: resultan atractivos incluso para los carnívoros (a); suelen ser más caros, no más baratos (“Plant-based options often cost more than regular meat products”) (b); y los supermercados han ampliado su oferta, así que no son difíciles de encontrar (d).
2. According to the text, customers…
Solución
(b) can still be green in spite of the high prices.
Mientras los precios no bajen, se puede llevar una dieta vegana eligiendo otros productos más baratos (línea 12): “Until prices go down, the Vegan Society says it’s still possible to embrace a vegan lifestyle by choosing other products.” Por ejemplo, arroz, pasta, verduras y legumbres.
Sí encuentran estos productos, porque la oferta ha crecido (a); el precio es precisamente el problema (“There’s one problem, though: the price”) (c); y el texto no dice que elijan la versión vegana de los nuggets; de hecho, el ejemplo inicial muestra que el precio lleva a elegir la carne (“Sorry, meat wins”) (d).
ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points each)
3. The industry is trying to improve the flavour of vegan products.
Solución
TRUE. “(Plant-based alternatives are a relatively new and developing part of the market,) which means more money is spent on research and innovation to ensure they meet the demand for taste and quality.” (líneas 7-8).
La industria invierte en investigación e innovación para que el sabor (“taste”) y la calidad respondan a lo que piden los consumidores.
4. Plant & Bean opened a meat-producing plant to compete with other vegan production factories.
Solución
FALSE. “In December 2020, Plant & Bean opened Europe’s largest plant-based meat production facility in the UK to help drive down prices.” (líneas 8-9).
La fábrica produce “carne” vegetal (“plant-based meat”), no carne, y su objetivo es bajar los precios, no competir con otras fábricas veganas.
5. Co-Op replaced some components of its plant-based alternatives in order to lower prices.
Solución
FALSE. “No ingredients were changed.” (línea 11).
Bajó los precios sin cambiar ningún ingrediente.
6. Some organisations are aiming to help vegans who struggle with money.
Solución
TRUE. “The Vegan Society hopes to increase access to affordable plant-based food and support vegans who find themselves in financial difficulty.” (líneas 15-16).
La Vegan Society quiere ayudar a los veganos con dificultades económicas.
7. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
7.1. ONE SYNONYM FOR: “guarantee” (verb).
Solución
ensure (línea 7): “to ensure they meet the demand for taste and quality”.
7.2. ONE SYNONYM FOR: “error” (noun).
Solución
misconception (línea 13): “it’s a misconception that vegan food is necessarily more expensive”.
8. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
8.1. ONE WORD MEANING: “to spend money in order to earn a financial return.”
Solución
invested (línea 10): “Co-Op invested more than £1.7 million”. Como la definición es un infinitivo (“to spend…”), también vale invest.
8.2. ONE WORD MEANING: “to persuade someone to do something by making it seem attractive.”
Solución
tempt (línea 4): “items that would tempt any carnivore”.
TEXT 2: MEN EARN MORE MONEY THAN WOMEN IN EVERY COUNTRY
- A new international study examining the difference in earnings within couples has revealed that men continue to be paid more
- than women in every country.
- In the first survey of its kind, scholars examined public data from 2.85 million households across 45 countries to reach their
- conclusions. The report, published in the Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, analysed the income of couples between
- the ages of 18 and 65 over a four-decade period. The team wanted to assess the global picture, particularly in Scandinavian
- countries, which are often presented as more progressive for females. However, the experts concluded that gender pay inequality
- persists across countries, over time and across both rich and poor households. They found that the family unit is often a place of
- great inequality, even in the most affluent nations.
- One positive finding was that women’s participation in the labour market had increased over the 40-year period. In many parts
- of the world, more women-friendly policies have narrowed the gap. Nevertheless, the researchers felt that governments were not
- doing enough.
- In May 2020, on the fiftieth anniversary of the Equal Pay Act, the Trade Unions Congress (TUC) stated that women continue
- to be underpaid and undervalued. General secretary of the TUC, Frances O’Grady, said: “Fifty years after brave women won the
- legal right to equal pay, unequal earnings are still common today. Working women are stuck in low-paid and insecure jobs. No
- doubt we need to reconsider how we value and reward their work. Without appropriate measures, it will take decades to close the
- gender pay gap.”
CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D). (0.5 points each)
9. According to the text and in order to conduct the study, the researchers…
Solución
(d) analysed accessible information.
Los investigadores trabajaron con datos públicos (línea 3): “scholars examined public data from 2.85 million households across 45 countries”.
No visitaron hogares (a) ni entrevistaron a las familias (c), sino que analizaron datos ya disponibles; y estudiaron parejas (“the income of couples”), no familias monoparentales (b).
10. According to the text, the labour world has seen how women…
Solución
(a) have intensified their presence in recent decades.
La participación de las mujeres en el mercado laboral aumentó durante los 40 años estudiados (línea 9): “women’s participation in the labour market had increased over the 40-year period.”
Los 40 años se refieren al periodo del estudio, no a la edad de las mujeres (b); y el texto no dice nada de que hayan reducido los empleos (c) ni de que no estén preparadas para algunas tareas (d).
ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points each)
11. A similar study had been conducted some years before.
Solución
FALSE. “In the first survey of its kind (, scholars examined public data from 2.85 million households across 45 countries to reach their conclusions).” (línea 3).
Es el primer estudio de este tipo, así que no se había hecho otro parecido antes.
12. Regarding women’s policies, Nordic countries are supposed to be more advanced.
Solución
TRUE. “(The team wanted to assess the global picture,) particularly in Scandinavian countries, which are often presented as more progressive for females.” (líneas 5-6).
Los países escandinavos (nórdicos) suelen presentarse como más avanzados en igualdad para las mujeres.
13. Wives and husbands have the same income in wealthy countries.
Solución
FALSE. “They found that the family unit is often a place of great inequality, even in the most affluent nations.” (líneas 7-8).
Incluso en los países más ricos (“the most affluent nations”) hay una gran desigualdad dentro de la pareja.
14. After the Equal Pay Act, women achieved stability at work.
Solución
FALSE. “Working women are stuck in low-paid and insecure jobs.” (línea 14).
Cincuenta años después de la ley, las mujeres siguen atrapadas en trabajos mal pagados e inestables.
15. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
15.1. ONE OPPOSITE FOR: “broaden” (verb).
Solución
narrowed (línea 10): “more women-friendly policies have narrowed the gap”. Como se pide un verbo, también vale el infinitivo, narrow.
15.2. ONE SYNONYM FOR: “courageous” (adjective).
Solución
brave (línea 13): “Fifty years after brave women won the legal right to equal pay”.
16. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
16.1. ONE WORD MEANING: “fixed, unable to move, change or improve.”
Solución
stuck (línea 14): “Working women are stuck in low-paid and insecure jobs”.
16.2. ONE WORD MEANING: “to give something in recognition of services, efforts, achievements or behaviour.”
Solución
reward (línea 15): “how we value and reward their work”.
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “As my first New Year’s resolution, I intend… Chinese.” (learn)
17.2. “I remember… very nervous on my first job interview.” (be)
Solución
17.1. “As my first New Year’s resolution, I intend to learn Chinese.”
El verbo intend (“tener intención de”) va seguido de to + infinitivo.
17.2. “I remember being (o having been) very nervous on my first job interview.”
Remember + -ing se usa para recordar algo que ya pasó. También vale el gerundio perfecto, having been, que subraya que es anterior. No hay que confundirlo con remember to + infinitivo, que significa “acordarse de hacer algo”.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “The shopping centre is… the hospital and the football stadium.” at / among / between / close
18.2. “My mother… her boyfriend at a singles party last August.” met / acquainted / realised / knew
Solución
18.1. “The shopping centre is between the hospital and the football stadium.”
Between (“entre”) se usa con dos elementos (between… and…); among se usa con más de dos. Close necesitaría to.
18.2. “My mother met her boyfriend at a singles party last August.”
Meet significa “conocer a alguien por primera vez”. Know expresa un estado (“conocer” en el sentido de tener trato), realise es “darse cuenta” y acquainted necesitaría got acquainted with.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The parcel is expected to reach its destination before the wedding.”
Solución
They/We expect (that) the parcel reaches/will reach its destination before the wedding.
Es una pasiva con sujeto personal (The parcel is expected to…). En activa se usa un sujeto genérico (they o we) con expect y una oración con that, que se puede omitir. El infinitivo to reach pasa a verbo conjugado: reaches o will reach.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “The girl from Syria has taught the students the best lesson in their lives.”
Solución
The students have been taught the best lesson in their lives by the girl from Syria. (o The best lesson in their lives has been taught to the students by the girl from Syria.)
Teach tiene dos objetos, así que cualquiera de los dos puede ser el sujeto de la pasiva. Se mantiene el present perfect (has/have been taught), y si el sujeto es la lección, la persona va con to. El agente va con by.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “My students are going to borrow the book from the school library.”
Solución
Where are your/my students going to borrow the book (from)?
Se pregunta por un lugar con where. Con be going to, el verbo are va delante del sujeto. La preposición from puede quedarse al final.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “Many Erasmus students choose Greece. Greece is known as the cradle of western civilization.”
Solución
Many Erasmus students choose Greece, which is known as the cradle of western civilization. (o Greece, which is known as the cradle of western civilization, is chosen by many Erasmus students.)
El segundo Greece se sustituye por el relativo which. Como es un nombre propio, la relativa es explicativa y va entre comas. En la segunda opción la oración principal pasa a pasiva para que Greece sea el sujeto.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “It was a mistake for us to leave.” We shouldn’t…
Solución
We shouldn’t have left.
Para expresar que algo que se hizo en el pasado fue un error se usa shouldn’t have + participio.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “I would have followed the path if…”
Solución
I would have followed the path if I had seen the signs. (por ejemplo)
Es un tercer condicional, sobre una situación pasada que no ocurrió: si la oración principal lleva would have + participio, la condición va con if + sujeto + pasado perfecto. Cualquier condición con sentido y con esa estructura es correcta.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “When did you buy your tablet?” How long…
Solución
How long have you had your tablet?
Con how long se pregunta por una duración que llega hasta el presente, así que se usa el present perfect. Buy es una acción puntual; se sustituye por have (“tener”), que expresa un estado que dura: have had.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “They use to get in well with their relatives.”
Solución
They used to get on well with their relatives.
Primer error: para un hábito pasado se usa used to + infinitivo, no use to. Segundo error: “llevarse bien con alguien” es el phrasal verb get on well with, no get in.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘Don’t leave your luggage unattended,’ a member of the aircrew told us.”
Solución
A member of the aircrew told/advised us not to leave the luggage unattended. (o A member of the aircrew suggested (that) we (should) not leave the luggage unattended.)
Una orden o consejo negativo en estilo indirecto se construye con tell/advise + persona + not to + infinitivo, o con suggest (that) + oración. El posesivo your se refiere a nosotros, así que cambia a our o simplemente the.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
You have no idea how pleasant it is to swim here.
La expresión have no idea (“no tener ni idea”) va seguida de una interrogativa indirecta con how + adjetivo, en orden de afirmativa: how pleasant it is. It anticipa el sujeto real, to swim here.
BLOQUE C (Redacción)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Deberá realizar una redacción de un mínimo de 120 palabras de SOLAMENTE 1 de los dos temas propuestos.
III * WRITING (3 points)
29. WRITE A COMPOSITION OF AT LEAST 120 WORDS ABOUT ONE OF THE TOPICS PROPOSED AND FOCUS ON IT. CHOOSE ONE TOPIC ONLY:
29.1. Is it important for you to learn how to cook? Explain.
29.2. What is your dream job? Explain.