Use of English.
Inglés, exámenes de 2022.
El Use of English vale 3 puntos, a 0,5 por pregunta: reescribir frases sin cambiar su significado (condicionales, pasiva, estilo indirecto, comparativos…) y, hasta 2024, también completar huecos, corregir errores o formular preguntas. Cada respuesta lleva la explicación gramatical en español.
Convocatoria ordinaria
Junio 2022
Convocatoria ordinaria
Junio 2022
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “As my first New Year’s resolution, I intend… Chinese.” (learn)
17.2. “I remember… very nervous on my first job interview.” (be)
Solución
17.1. “As my first New Year’s resolution, I intend to learn Chinese.”
El verbo intend (“tener intención de”) va seguido de to + infinitivo.
17.2. “I remember being (o having been) very nervous on my first job interview.”
Remember + -ing se usa para recordar algo que ya pasó. También vale el gerundio perfecto, having been, que subraya que es anterior. No hay que confundirlo con remember to + infinitivo, que significa “acordarse de hacer algo”.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “The shopping centre is… the hospital and the football stadium.” at / among / between / close
18.2. “My mother… her boyfriend at a singles party last August.” met / acquainted / realised / knew
Solución
18.1. “The shopping centre is between the hospital and the football stadium.”
Between (“entre”) se usa con dos elementos (between… and…); among se usa con más de dos. Close necesitaría to.
18.2. “My mother met her boyfriend at a singles party last August.”
Meet significa “conocer a alguien por primera vez”. Know expresa un estado (“conocer” en el sentido de tener trato), realise es “darse cuenta” y acquainted necesitaría got acquainted with.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The parcel is expected to reach its destination before the wedding.”
Solución
They/We expect (that) the parcel reaches/will reach its destination before the wedding.
Es una pasiva con sujeto personal (The parcel is expected to…). En activa se usa un sujeto genérico (they o we) con expect y una oración con that, que se puede omitir. El infinitivo to reach pasa a verbo conjugado: reaches o will reach.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “The girl from Syria has taught the students the best lesson in their lives.”
Solución
The students have been taught the best lesson in their lives by the girl from Syria. (o The best lesson in their lives has been taught to the students by the girl from Syria.)
Teach tiene dos objetos, así que cualquiera de los dos puede ser el sujeto de la pasiva. Se mantiene el present perfect (has/have been taught), y si el sujeto es la lección, la persona va con to. El agente va con by.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “My students are going to borrow the book from the school library.”
Solución
Where are your/my students going to borrow the book (from)?
Se pregunta por un lugar con where. Con be going to, el verbo are va delante del sujeto. La preposición from puede quedarse al final.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “Many Erasmus students choose Greece. Greece is known as the cradle of western civilization.”
Solución
Many Erasmus students choose Greece, which is known as the cradle of western civilization. (o Greece, which is known as the cradle of western civilization, is chosen by many Erasmus students.)
El segundo Greece se sustituye por el relativo which. Como es un nombre propio, la relativa es explicativa y va entre comas. En la segunda opción la oración principal pasa a pasiva para que Greece sea el sujeto.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “It was a mistake for us to leave.” We shouldn’t…
Solución
We shouldn’t have left.
Para expresar que algo que se hizo en el pasado fue un error se usa shouldn’t have + participio.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “I would have followed the path if…”
Solución
I would have followed the path if I had seen the signs. (por ejemplo)
Es un tercer condicional, sobre una situación pasada que no ocurrió: si la oración principal lleva would have + participio, la condición va con if + sujeto + pasado perfecto. Cualquier condición con sentido y con esa estructura es correcta.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “When did you buy your tablet?” How long…
Solución
How long have you had your tablet?
Con how long se pregunta por una duración que llega hasta el presente, así que se usa el present perfect. Buy es una acción puntual; se sustituye por have (“tener”), que expresa un estado que dura: have had.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “They use to get in well with their relatives.”
Solución
They used to get on well with their relatives.
Primer error: para un hábito pasado se usa used to + infinitivo, no use to. Segundo error: “llevarse bien con alguien” es el phrasal verb get on well with, no get in.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘Don’t leave your luggage unattended,’ a member of the aircrew told us.”
Solución
A member of the aircrew told/advised us not to leave the luggage unattended. (o A member of the aircrew suggested (that) we (should) not leave the luggage unattended.)
Una orden o consejo negativo en estilo indirecto se construye con tell/advise + persona + not to + infinitivo, o con suggest (that) + oración. El posesivo your se refiere a nosotros, así que cambia a our o simplemente the.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
You have no idea how pleasant it is to swim here.
La expresión have no idea (“no tener ni idea”) va seguida de una interrogativa indirecta con how + adjetivo, en orden de afirmativa: how pleasant it is. It anticipa el sujeto real, to swim here.
Convocatoria extraordinaria
Julio 2022
Convocatoria extraordinaria
Julio 2022
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “He always makes me… when I feel sad.” (smile)
17.2. “They… since they bought the phone. I think they will finally get the refund.” (complain)
Solución
17.1. “He always makes me smile when I feel sad.”
Make + objeto (“hacer que alguien haga algo”) va seguido de infinitivo sin to.
17.2. “They have complained (o have been complaining) since they bought the phone. I think they will finally get the refund.”
Con since + momento del pasado se usa el present perfect, para una acción que empezó en el pasado y sigue hasta ahora. La forma continua (have been complaining) subraya que la acción se ha repetido o prolongado.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Frankly, there’s no reason to be mad… this. Don’t get upset, please.” of / from / about / behind
18.2. “After using the spray, there were still… ants in the kitchen.” much / little / a little / a few
Solución
18.1. “Frankly, there’s no reason to be mad about this. Don’t get upset, please.”
Para expresar el motivo del enfado se usa be mad about something; con la persona se usa at.
18.2. “After using the spray, there were still a few ants in the kitchen.”
Ants es contable y plural, así que se descartan much, little y a little, que son para incontables. A few significa “algunas”: con still indica que aún quedaban unas cuantas.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The passengers were told to stay away from the bus until the door opened.”
Solución
They/The driver told the passengers to stay away from the bus until the door opened.
Como la pasiva no indica quién dio la orden, en activa se usa un sujeto genérico (they) o el agente lógico (the driver). Se mantiene el pasado simple, were told → told, y the passengers pasa a ser el objeto.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “The staff at the shopping centre is already working on next year’s campaign.”
Solución
Next year’s campaign is already being worked on by the staff at the shopping centre.
El objeto del verbo preposicional work on pasa a ser el sujeto, y la preposición on se queda detrás del participio. Se mantiene el presente continuo: is being worked on.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “Martina criticised the organization of the event a lot.”
Solución
How much (o How often / How strongly) did Martina criticise the organization of the event?
A lot indica cantidad o intensidad, así que se pregunta con how much, how often o how strongly. Como el verbo está en pasado simple, la pregunta lleva did y el verbo en infinitivo: criticised → did… criticise.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “Randy’s pet needs to be kept in a cage. It is a rather dangerous snake.”
Solución
Randy’s pet, which is a rather dangerous snake, needs to be kept in a cage.
El pronombre it se sustituye por el relativo which. Es una relativa explicativa, porque solo añade información sobre una mascota ya identificada, así que va entre comas.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “If I were you, I wouldn’t tweet them any more messages like this one.” You’d better…
Solución
You’d better not tweet them any more messages like this one. (o You’d better stop tweeting them any more messages like this one.)
Un consejo con If I were you, I wouldn’t… se expresa con had better not + infinitivo sin to. También vale had better stop + -ing.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “As long as the doctor calls, …”
Solución
As long as the doctor calls, I will stay at home. (por ejemplo)
As long as (“siempre que”) introduce una condición en presente, como un primer condicional. La oración principal lleva sujeto + will/can/may (not) + infinitivo, o un imperativo (…, let me know). Cualquier final con sentido y con esa estructura es correcto.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “It has been over two decades since The Matrix revolutionised the science fiction genre.” The Matrix…
Solución
The Matrix revolutionised the science-fiction genre over two decades ago.
It has been + periodo + since + pasado equivale a pasado simple + periodo + ago.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “My grandchildrens asked me accompanying them home.”
Solución
My grandchildren asked me to accompany them home.
Primer error: grandchildren ya es plural (irregular, como children), así que no lleva -s. Segundo error: ask + persona va seguido de to + infinitivo, no de -ing.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘I think I am going to update my Facebook profile tomorrow,’ Brian replied.”
Solución
Brian replied that he thought he was going to update his Facebook profile the following day / the next day / the day after.
En estilo indirecto los tiempos retroceden (think → thought, am going to → was going to), cambian los pronombres (I → he, my → his) y la expresión de tiempo (tomorrow → the following day, the next day o the day after).
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
The most googled photo of all time is about actors.
El sujeto es un superlativo, the most googled photo (“la foto más buscada en Google”), seguido de la expresión fija of all time (“de todos los tiempos”). Después va el verbo is y about actors.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 1 2022
Examen de reserva
Reserva 1 2022
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “Don’t worry, they are used to… in the rain.” (drive)
17.2. “When we were six, we… the same school.” (not attend)
Solución
17.1. “Don’t worry, they are used to driving in the rain.”
En be used to, to es una preposición, así que va seguido de -ing.
17.2. “When we were six, we didn’t attend the same school.”
Acción terminada en el pasado (when we were six): pasado simple negativo.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Keep flammable substances… from fire.” near / up / away / close
18.2. “There’s… furniture in the room.” many / much / a lot / a few
Solución
18.1. “Keep flammable substances away from fire.”
Keep something away from significa “mantener algo alejado de”.
18.2. “There’s much furniture in the room.”
Furniture es incontable, así que se descartan many y a few; a lot necesitaría of.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “All children over the age of six have been required to wear a uniform at my school.”
Solución
They have required all children over the age of six to wear a uniform at my school.
Como la pasiva no indica quién lo exige, se usa el sujeto genérico they. Se mantiene el present perfect y la estructura require somebody to do something.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “Someone is looking after the baby at day care.”
Solución
The baby is being looked after at day care.
Pasiva del presente continuo (is being + participio). El phrasal verb look after mantiene la preposición detrás del participio.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “On Monday, the court took legal action against the criminal.”
Solución
When (o Which day / What day (of the week)) did the court take legal action against the criminal?
Se pregunta por el momento con when o which/what day. Como el verbo está en pasado simple, la pregunta lleva did + infinitivo (take).
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “The most important meeting in 2022 will be held in China. China is an overpopulated Asian country.”
Solución
The most important meeting in 2022 will be held in China, which is an overpopulated Asian country. (o China, which is an overpopulated Asian country, will hold the most important meeting in 2022.)
El segundo China se sustituye por which. Como es un nombre propio, la relativa es explicativa y va entre comas.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “Our new dishwasher was installed last Monday.” We had…
Solución
We had our new dishwasher installed last Monday.
Estructura causativa have + objeto + participio: nosotros encargamos la instalación y la hizo otra persona.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “The planet can be saved if…”
Solución
The planet can be saved if we all reduce our carbon footprint. (por ejemplo)
Primer condicional: si la principal lleva can + infinitivo, la condición va con if + sujeto + presente simple.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “The armchair was so comfortable that he ordered two more at the shop.” It was such…
Solución
It was such a comfortable armchair that he ordered two more at the shop.
So va delante de un adjetivo solo; such va delante de a/an + adjetivo + nombre.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “I used to working for the government, but now my job is in the privately sector.”
Solución
I used to work for the government, but now my job is in the private sector.
Primer error: used to (hábito pasado) va seguido de infinitivo. Segundo error: delante del nombre sector se necesita el adjetivo private, no el adverbio privately.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “They announced that the cruise would continue its journey that week.”
Solución
“The cruise will continue its journey this week,” they announced.
En estilo directo, would vuelve a will y that week a this week.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
The good news is that we still have another chance.
The good news is that + oración (“lo bueno es que…”). News es incontable y va con el verbo en singular (is); still va delante del verbo have.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 2 2022
Examen de reserva
Reserva 2 2022
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “I feel a lot healthier after… smoking.” (quit)
17.2. “Last summer we… to the Canary Islands on holidays.” (travel)
Solución
17.1. “I feel a lot healthier after quitting smoking.”
Detrás de la preposición after el verbo va en -ing (con doble t: quitting).
17.2. “Last summer we travelled (o traveled) to the Canary Islands on holidays.”
Con last summer se usa el pasado simple.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “The convict did not admit… the crime.” to commit / to committing / commit / have committed
18.2. “Young people are usually willing… new experiences.” about living / to live / with live / living
Solución
18.1. “The convict did not admit to committing the crime.”
Admit (to) va seguido de -ing; aquí to es una preposición.
18.2. “Young people are usually willing to live new experiences.”
Be willing to + infinitivo significa “estar dispuesto a”.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The actor was given an award for his amazing performance.”
Solución
They (o The Academy) gave the actor an award for his amazing performance.
Como la pasiva no indica quién dio el premio, se usa they o el agente lógico. Give tiene dos objetos: la persona va delante sin preposición.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “The government is announcing new aids for charitable organizations tomorrow.”
Solución
(Tomorrow) New aids for charitable organizations are being announced by the government (tomorrow).
Pasiva del presente continuo (con valor de futuro): are being + participio, en plural porque el sujeto es new aids.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “In Japan, a black cat crossing your path means good luck.”
Solución
What does a black cat crossing your path in Japan mean? (o …mean in Japan?)
Se pregunta por el objeto con what, con el auxiliar does y el verbo en infinitivo (mean).
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “My eldest sister won the match. She was playing against a foreign competitor.”
Solución
My eldest sister, who was playing against a foreign competitor, won the match.
El pronombre she se sustituye por who en una relativa explicativa entre comas.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “Your neighbours aren’t as nice as mine.” My neighbours are…
Solución
My neighbours are nicer than yours.
El comparativo de igualdad negativo se convierte en comparativo de superioridad invirtiendo los términos.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “If I could fly, …”
Solución
If I could fly, I would travel all over the world. (por ejemplo)
Segundo condicional (situación imaginaria): la principal lleva sujeto + would/could (not) + infinitivo.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “Taking care of three little kids can be exhausting.” It…
Solución
It can be exhausting to take care of three little kids.
El sujeto en -ing se sustituye por it al principio, y la acción pasa al final con to-infinitivo.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “He can go out with you these weekend because he hasn’t to look after his brothers.”
Solución
He can go out with you this weekend because he doesn’t have to look after his brothers.
Primer error: weekend es singular, así que el demostrativo es this. Segundo error: la negativa de have to se forma con el auxiliar doesn’t.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “She asked me whether I had practised any sport in my free time when I was younger.”
Solución
She asked me, “Did you practise any sport in your free time when you were younger?”
En estilo directo la pregunta recupera el orden interrogativo con did; el pasado perfecto vuelve a pasado simple y I/my pasan a you/your.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
If only he had listened to her advice.
If only + pasado perfecto expresa un lamento sobre el pasado (“ojalá hubiera…”).
Examen de reserva
Reserva 3 2022
Examen de reserva
Reserva 3 2022
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “The lawyer agreed… the document.” (sign)
17.2. “The new talent show… before I got home.” (start)
Solución
17.1. “The lawyer agreed to sign the document.”
Agree va seguido de to + infinitivo.
17.2. “The new talent show had started before I got home.”
Para una acción anterior a otra del pasado se usa el pasado perfecto.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “I am looking forward… seeing you next Monday.” at / to / in / by
18.2. “My sister… her car fixed yesterday.” made / did / didn’t / had
Solución
18.1. “I am looking forward to seeing you next Monday.”
Look forward to + -ing significa “tener ganas de”.
18.2. “My sister had her car fixed yesterday.”
Estructura causativa have + objeto + participio: encargó el arreglo a otra persona.
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The crime had already been investigated.”
Solución
The police (o They) had already investigated the crime.
Como la pasiva no indica quién investigó, se usa el agente lógico (the police) o they. Se mantiene el pasado perfecto.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “You should keep the boxes in the fridge.”
Solución
The boxes should be kept in the fridge.
Con un modal, la pasiva se forma con modal + be + participio. El sujeto genérico you se omite.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “The pit where I fell was 2 metres deep.”
Solución
How deep was the pit where you/I fell?
Para preguntar por la profundidad se usa how deep; con be, el verbo va delante del sujeto.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “Henry VIII married six times. He became king in 1509.”
Solución
Henry VIII, who married six times, became king in 1509. (o Henry VIII, who became king in 1509, married six times.)
El pronombre he se sustituye por who. Como es un nombre propio, la relativa es explicativa y va entre comas.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “I wish I had gone by car.” I regret…
Solución
I regret not having gone by car. (o I regret not going by car.)
Regret + -ing expresa arrepentimiento por algo pasado. Como se lamenta no haberlo hecho, se usa la forma negativa not having gone o not going.
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “If they had taken the bus, …”
Solución
If they had taken the bus, they would have arrived on time. (por ejemplo)
Tercer condicional: sujeto + would/could/might (not) have + participio. También vale un condicional mixto con consecuencia presente (…, they would be here now).
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “Although the exam was difficult, they passed.” In spite of…
Solución
In spite of (the exam) being difficult, they passed (the exam). (o In spite of the fact (that) the exam was difficult, they passed.)
In spite of es una preposición y va seguido de -ing, de un nombre o de the fact (that) + oración.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “The woman must had seen the crime because she was stood next to the thief.”
Solución
The woman must have seen the crime because she was standing next to the thief.
Primer error: la deducción sobre el pasado es must have + participio. Segundo error: para una acción en curso en el pasado se usa el pasado continuo, was standing.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “She asked me whether I had understood the film.”
Solución
“Did you understand the film?” she asked. (o “Have you understood the film?” she asked.)
En estilo directo la pregunta recupera el orden interrogativo; el pasado perfecto vuelve a pasado simple o a present perfect, y I pasa a you.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
My husband gave up smoking cigars four years ago.
Give up + -ing (“dejar de”), con la expresión de tiempo four years ago al final.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 4 2022
Examen de reserva
Reserva 4 2022
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “He threatened the other driver with… the police.” (call)
17.2. “Students… to stand up without permission.” (not allow)
Solución
17.1. “He threatened the other driver with calling the police.”
Detrás de la preposición with el verbo va en -ing.
17.2. “Students aren’t allowed to stand up without permission.”
La prohibición se expresa con la pasiva be (not) allowed to + infinitivo.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Why don’t you try… dishes?” another / others / the others / the other
18.2. “The new coffee shop doesn’t appear… the map.” on / in / at / by
Solución
18.1. “Why don’t you try the other dishes?”
Delante de un nombre plural se usa the other, que no lleva -s porque es adjetivo; others es pronombre y another va con singular.
18.2. “The new coffee shop doesn’t appear on the map.”
Se dice on the map (“en el mapa”).
19. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The new law will be passed by the end of the term.”
Solución
They will pass the new law by the end of the term.
Se usa el sujeto genérico they y se mantiene el futuro: will be passed → will pass. Aquí by significa “para” (plazo), no introduce el agente.
20. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “They saw her stealing a bracelet and arrested her.”
Solución
She was seen stealing a bracelet and (was) arrested.
Las dos acciones pasan a pasado simple pasivo con she como sujeto; el segundo was puede omitirse. See somebody doing mantiene el -ing en pasiva.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “The alarm was going off every five minutes.”
Solución
How often was the alarm going off?
Para preguntar por la frecuencia se usa how often, con el auxiliar was delante del sujeto.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “I would love to come back to Venice in August. We fell in love that month.”
Solución
I would love to come back to Venice in August, when we fell in love. (o …, the month in which we fell in love. / …, the month (that/which) we fell in love in.)
That month se refiere a un tiempo, así que se sustituye por when, o por in which con the month como antecedente.
23. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “Pamela does a lot of exercise so as to become a firefighter.” Pamela does a lot of exercise because…
Solución
Pamela does a lot of exercise because she wants to become a firefighter.
La finalidad (so as to + infinitivo) se expresa como causa: because + oración con sujeto y verbo (she wants to).
24. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “Don’t take your umbrella if…”
Solución
Don’t take your umbrella if it isn’t raining. (por ejemplo)
Con un imperativo en la principal, la condición va con if + sujeto + presente simple o presente continuo.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “How much does this green jacket cost, please?” Would you mind…
Solución
Would you mind telling me how much this green jacket costs (please)?
Would you mind + -ing introduce una petición educada; la pregunta pasa a indirecta, sin does y con el verbo conjugado (costs).
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “There aren’t much people who rely to James.”
Solución
There aren’t many people who rely on James.
Primer error: people es contable y plural, así que va con many. Segundo error: rely lleva la preposición on.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘Please, fill in the form before you leave,’ said the receptionist to the customer.”
Solución
The receptionist asked (o requested) the customer to fill in the form before she/he left.
Una petición en estilo indirecto se construye con ask/request + persona + to + infinitivo; leave retrocede a left.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
If only Robert would not chew gum all the time.
If only + would (not) + infinitivo expresa queja por una costumbre de otra persona que nos molesta.