Use of English.
Inglés, exámenes de 2025.
El Use of English vale 3 puntos, a 0,5 por pregunta: reescribir frases sin cambiar su significado (condicionales, pasiva, estilo indirecto, comparativos…) y, hasta 2024, también completar huecos, corregir errores o formular preguntas. Cada respuesta lleva la explicación gramatical en español.
Convocatoria ordinaria
Junio 2025
Convocatoria ordinaria
Junio 2025
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a las 6 preguntas de la opción escogida.
USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE OPTION 1 OR OPTION 2 AND ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM THAT OPTION ONLY.
OPTION 1
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING. THE NEW SENTENCE MUST CLEARLY PRESENT A DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE.
- BEGIN AS INDICATED OR USE THE WORD IN BRACKETS.
- THE WORDS PROVIDED MUST NOT BE CHANGED IN ANY WAY.
B1. I didn’t tell you because I wasn’t sure.
If…
Solución
If I had been sure, I would have told you.
Tercer condicional, para hablar de una situación pasada que no ocurrió: If + pasado perfecto, would have + participio. Las dos oraciones negativas pasan a afirmativas porque se imagina lo contrario de lo que pasó.
B2. The laundry is too wet to be taken off the clothesline.
The laundry isn’t…
Solución
The laundry isn’t dry enough to be taken off the clothesline.
Too + adjetivo equivale a not + adjetivo contrario + enough. Enough va detrás del adjetivo: dry enough.
B3. I would prefer not to go on the field trip.
(RATHER)
Solución
I would rather not go on the field trip. (o I’d rather not go…)
Would rather equivale a would prefer, pero va seguido de infinitivo sin to. La negación se coloca justo delante del verbo: would rather not go.
B4. They can’t leave the class unless the teacher gives them permission.
(ALLOWED)
Solución
They aren’t allowed to leave the class unless the teacher gives them permission.
El modal can’t, que aquí expresa prohibición, se sustituye por la forma pasiva be (not) allowed to + infinitivo. Como unless equivale a if… not, también es correcto They aren’t allowed to leave the class if the teacher doesn’t give them permission.
B5. I think they should go home.
I think it’s time…
Solución
I think it’s time they went home. (o I think it’s time for them to go home.)
It’s time + sujeto + pasado simple expresa que algo debería estar ocurriendo ya. El pasado went no se refiere al pasado, sino al presente.
B6. They consider that Manuel is an expert on manga.
Manuel…
Solución
Manuel is considered (to be) an expert on manga.
Pasiva impersonal con sujeto personal: They consider that + sujeto + verbo → Sujeto + is considered + (to be). Como el sujeto genérico they no aporta información, desaparece.
OPTION 2
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING. THE NEW SENTENCE MUST CLEARLY PRESENT A DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE.
- BEGIN AS INDICATED OR USE THE WORD IN BRACKETS.
- THE WORDS PROVIDED MUST NOT BE CHANGED IN ANY WAY.
B7. He wondered why Lisa was so curious about stick insects.
‘Why…
Solución
‘Why is Lisa so curious about stick insects?’ he wondered.
Se pasa de estilo indirecto a directo: el verbo vuelve al presente (was → is) y recupera el orden de pregunta, con el verbo delante del sujeto. Va entre comillas y con signo de interrogación. Como él se lo pregunta a sí mismo, no a Lisa, se mantiene la tercera persona.
B8. Let’s go to Scotland next summer for a vacation.
How…
Solución
How about going to Scotland next summer for a vacation?
Una sugerencia con Let’s + infinitivo se puede expresar con How about + -ing. Al ser una pregunta, termina con signo de interrogación.
B9. Alice hasn’t smoked for three months.
Alice gave…
Solución
Alice gave up smoking three months ago.
El present perfect negativo con for + periodo se convierte en el pasado simple del phrasal verb give up (“dejar”), seguido de -ing, con ago para indicar cuándo ocurrió.
B10. Urban Flora sometimes delivers gardenia bouquets to Anna.
Anna sometimes gets…
Solución
Anna sometimes gets gardenia bouquets delivered by Urban Flora.
Construcción con get + objeto + participio: Anna recibe los ramos, pero es otro quien realiza la acción. Urban Flora pasa a ser el agente con by.
B11. Alina cannot speak English as well as Dimitri.
Dimitri…
Solución
Dimitri speaks English better than Alina. (o Dimitri speaks better English than Alina.)
El comparativo de igualdad negativo (not as well as) se convierte en comparativo de superioridad invirtiendo los términos. Better es el comparativo irregular de well y de good: puede ir detrás de English, como adverbio (habla inglés mejor), o delante, como adjetivo (habla un inglés mejor). También se acepta mantener el modal: Dimitri can speak English better than Alina.
B12. Masha will be disappointed if she doesn’t get top marks in the exam.
Unless…
Solución
Unless Masha gets top marks in the exam, she will be disappointed.
Unless equivale a if… not, así que el verbo de la condición pasa a afirmativa: doesn’t get → gets.
Convocatoria extraordinaria
Julio 2025
Convocatoria extraordinaria
Julio 2025
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a las 6 preguntas de la opción escogida.
USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE OPTION 1 OR OPTION 2 AND ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM THAT OPTION ONLY.
OPTION 1
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING. THE NEW SENTENCE MUST CLEARLY PRESENT A DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE.
- BEGIN AS INDICATED OR USE THE WORD IN BRACKETS.
- THE WORDS PROVIDED MUST NOT BE CHANGED IN ANY WAY.
B1. I’ve never been to a more interesting city than London.
The most…
Solución
The most interesting city I’ve (ever) been to is London.
Del comparativo con never (never… a more interesting city than) se pasa al superlativo (the most interesting city). La relativa I’ve (ever) been to va sin pronombre y con la preposición al final. Ever es habitual con el superlativo, pero no es obligatorio.
B2. If he doesn’t wear a hat, he’ll get sunburned.
Unless…
Solución
Unless he wears a hat, he will get sunburned.
Unless equivale a if… not, así que el verbo de la condición pasa a afirmativa: doesn’t wear → wears. La oración principal no cambia.
B3. Even though he had a good job, he wasn’t happy.
In spite of…
Solución
In spite of having a good job, he wasn’t happy. (o In spite of the fact that he had a good job… / In spite of his good job…)
Even though va seguido de una oración con sujeto y verbo; in spite of es una preposición y necesita un nombre, un -ing (having) o la fórmula the fact that + oración.
B4. No foreign languages are required for this job.
(NEEDN’T)
Solución
You needn’t speak a/any foreign language for this job. (también foreign languages)
Needn’t + infinitivo sin to expresa que algo no es necesario, igual que not required. Como el modal necesita un sujeto personal, se usa el genérico you y un verbo adecuado al contexto: speak.
B5. When I dance flamenco, I feel happy.
(MAKES)
Solución
Dancing flamenco makes me (feel) happy.
La acción pasa a ser el sujeto en forma de -ing (dancing flamenco), con la estructura make + persona + adjetivo, o make + persona + infinitivo sin to (feel) + adjetivo. El verbo va en tercera persona: makes.
B6. Vince’s photographs are being shown at the exhibition.
They…
Solución
They are showing Vince’s photographs at the exhibition.
Se pasa de pasiva a activa con un sujeto genérico, they. Se mantiene el presente continuo: are being shown → are showing, y el sujeto de la pasiva pasa a ser el objeto.
OPTION 2
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING. THE NEW SENTENCE MUST CLEARLY PRESENT A DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE.
- BEGIN AS INDICATED OR USE THE WORD IN BRACKETS.
- THE WORDS PROVIDED MUST NOT BE CHANGED IN ANY WAY.
B7. If I were you, I would eat healthier food.
You had…
Solución
You had better eat healthier food.
Un consejo con If I were you, I would… se puede expresar con had better + infinitivo sin to. Aunque had parece pasado, la estructura se refiere al presente o al futuro.
B8. The groom didn’t buy the engagement ring because it was really expensive.
(SUCH)
Solución
It was such an expensive engagement ring that the groom didn’t/couldn’t buy it.
La causa se convierte en una consecutiva con such + a/an + adjetivo + nombre + that. Se usa an porque expensive empieza por sonido vocálico.
B9. I was promoted in 2021.
2021 was the…
Solución
2021 was the year (in which/when/that) I was promoted.
Se usa una oración de relativo que se refiere a the year. El relativo puede ser when, in which o that, o puede omitirse porque es una relativa especificativa.
B10. My brother asked me if he could borrow $50 until the following Friday.
‘Can…
Solución
‘Can I borrow $50 until next Friday?’ my brother asked me. (o ‘Can you lend me $50 until next Friday?’ my brother asked me.)
Se pasa de estilo indirecto a directo: could vuelve a can, he pasa a I, la pregunta recupera el orden interrogativo y the following Friday vuelve a next Friday. También se puede usar lend (“prestar”) con you como sujeto.
B11. My parents will celebrate their twenty-fifth wedding anniversary in November.
By the end of the year, …
Solución
By the end of the year, my parents will have celebrated their twenty-fifth anniversary. (o …will have been married for twenty-five years.)
Con by + momento futuro se usa el futuro perfecto (will have + participio) para una acción que estará terminada antes de ese momento. Como noviembre es antes del final de año, el aniversario ya se habrá celebrado.
B12. I wish you had met my Erasmus mates.
It’s a pity…
Solución
It’s a pity (that) you haven’t met/didn’t meet my Erasmus mates.
I wish + pasado perfecto lamenta algo que no ocurrió. Con It’s a pity (that) se describe la realidad, por eso la oración pasa a negativa, en present perfect o en pasado simple.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 1 2025
Examen de reserva
Reserva 1 2025
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a las 6 preguntas de la opción escogida.
USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE OPTION 1 OR OPTION 2 AND ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM THAT OPTION ONLY.
OPTION 1
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING. THE NEW SENTENCE MUST CLEARLY PRESENT A DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE.
- BEGIN AS INDICATED OR USE THE WORD IN BRACKETS.
- THE WORDS PROVIDED MUST NOT BE CHANGED IN ANY WAY.
B1. What a pity you couldn’t come along to the theatre yesterday.
(WISH)
Solución
I wish you had (been able to) come along to the theatre yesterday. (o I wish you could have come along to the theatre yesterday.)
Para lamentar algo del pasado se usa wish + pasado perfecto. Como could no tiene pasado perfecto, se puede usar had been able to o could have + participio. La oración pasa a afirmativa porque se desea lo contrario de lo que ocurrió.
B2. Elena didn’t have a driving license, so she couldn’t get the job.
If Elena…
Solución
If Elena had (had) a driving license, she would have got / would have been able to get the job.
Tercer condicional, para una situación pasada que no ocurrió: if + pasado perfecto (had had), would have + participio. Las dos oraciones pasan a afirmativas.
B3. Steven left early because he needed to pick up his son from nursery school.
In order to…
Solución
In order to pick up his son from nursery school, Steven left early.
La causa (because he needed to…) se expresa como finalidad con in order to + infinitivo. Al empezar la oración con la finalidad, se separa con una coma.
B4. It is possible that we will go to Isla Mágica tomorrow.
We…
Solución
We may / might / could go to Isla Mágica tomorrow.
It is possible that + futuro se sustituye por un modal de posibilidad (may, might o could) + infinitivo sin to.
B5. A lot of people fear spiders.
(SCARED)
Solución
A lot of people are scared of spiders.
El verbo fear se sustituye por el adjetivo scared, que va con be y la preposición of.
B6. The environment shouldn’t be polluted.
We…
Solución
We shouldn’t pollute the environment.
Se pasa de pasiva a activa: el sujeto de la pasiva (the environment) se convierte en objeto, y el modal se mantiene con el infinitivo activo pollute.
OPTION 2
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING. THE NEW SENTENCE MUST CLEARLY PRESENT A DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE.
- BEGIN AS INDICATED OR USE THE WORD IN BRACKETS.
- THE WORDS PROVIDED MUST NOT BE CHANGED IN ANY WAY.
B7. All my friends have passed their driving test.
None…
Solución
None of my friends have failed their driving test.
All… have passed equivale a none… have failed: con none la oración ya es negativa, así que el verbo va en afirmativa y se cambia por su contrario (pass → fail).
B8. Is this sweater yours?
(BELONG)
Solución
Does this sweater belong to you?
El pronombre posesivo yours se sustituye por el verbo belong to + pronombre objeto. Al ser un verbo léxico, la pregunta se forma con el auxiliar does.
B9. Bill’s car broke down and he had to take a taxi.
(WHOSE)
Solución
Bill, whose car broke / had broken down, had to take a taxi.
El genitivo Bill’s se sustituye por el relativo posesivo whose, en una relativa explicativa entre comas. Dentro de la relativa vale el pasado simple o el pasado perfecto, porque la avería fue anterior.
B10. ‘I’m sorry I dropped your tablet,’ said Stephen to him.
(APOLOGISED)
Solución
Stephen apologised (to him) for dropping / having dropped his tablet. (o Stephen apologised that he (had) dropped his tablet.)
En estilo indirecto, I’m sorry se resume con apologise (to somebody) for + -ing, o con apologise that + oración. El posesivo your pasa a his, porque la tableta es de la persona a la que habla Stephen.
B11. The last time Taylor Swift sang “Change” at a concert was five years ago.
(FOR)
Solución
Taylor Swift hasn’t sung “Change” at a concert for five years.
The last time… was + periodo + ago equivale al present perfect negativo con for + periodo: hace cinco años que no la canta.
B12. I regularly make financial decisions at work.
I am used…
Solución
I am used to making financial decisions at work.
Be used to (“estar acostumbrado a”) expresa algo habitual. Aquí to es una preposición, así que va seguido de -ing (making), no de infinitivo.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 2 2025
Examen de reserva
Reserva 2 2025
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a las 6 preguntas de la opción escogida.
USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE OPTION 1 OR OPTION 2 AND ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM THAT OPTION ONLY.
OPTION 1
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING. THE NEW SENTENCE MUST CLEARLY PRESENT A DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE.
- BEGIN AS INDICATED OR USE THE WORD IN BRACKETS.
- THE WORDS PROVIDED MUST NOT BE CHANGED IN ANY WAY.
B1. I’ve never driven such an uncomfortable car before.
(LEAST)
Solución
This is the least comfortable car I’ve ever driven.
Never… such an uncomfortable se convierte en un superlativo de inferioridad: the least + adjetivo contrario (comfortable), con ever y el present perfect.
B2. He will go with you provided that you don’t drive fast.
Unless…
Solución
Unless you drive (more) slowly, he will not go with you.
Provided that (“siempre que”) pone una condición: irá si no conduces rápido. Con unless (“a menos que”) se expresa al revés: no irá a menos que conduzcas despacio. Por eso la principal pasa a negativa y don’t drive fast pasa a drive (more) slowly.
B3. Although she is a good lawyer, she doesn’t always win her cases.
Despite…
Solución
Despite (her) being a good lawyer, she doesn’t always win her cases. (o Despite the fact that she is a good lawyer… / Despite not always winning her cases, she is a good lawyer.)
Although va seguido de una oración; despite es una preposición y va seguido de -ing, de un nombre o de the fact that + oración.
B4. Claudia may know the right answer.
(LIKELY)
Solución
It is likely that Claudia knows the right answer. (o Claudia is likely to know the right answer.)
La posibilidad con may se expresa con it is likely that + oración, o con be likely to + infinitivo.
B5. Please don’t touch my laptop.
I’d rather…
Solución
I’d rather you didn’t touch my laptop.
Para expresar lo que preferimos que haga otra persona se usa would rather + sujeto + pasado simple; el pasado se refiere al presente.
B6. Someone will take you to the train station in a fancy car.
You…
Solución
You will be taken to the train station in a fancy car.
Pasiva en futuro: will be + participio. El objeto you pasa a ser el sujeto y el agente genérico someone se omite.
OPTION 2
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING. THE NEW SENTENCE MUST CLEARLY PRESENT A DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE.
- BEGIN AS INDICATED OR USE THE WORD IN BRACKETS.
- THE WORDS PROVIDED MUST NOT BE CHANGED IN ANY WAY.
B7. It was a cold evening, so we decided to stay indoors.
(SUCH)
Solución
It was such a cold evening that we decided to stay indoors.
La consecuencia se expresa con such + a/an + adjetivo + nombre + that.
B8. What time is the next bus to York?
I would like to know…
Solución
I would like to know what time / when the next bus to York is / leaves.
Pregunta indirecta: tras I would like to know, la pregunta lleva el orden de una afirmativa, con el sujeto delante del verbo (the next bus to York is), y termina en punto, no en signo de interrogación.
B9. I gave her a watch, but it stopped working two days later.
(WHICH)
Solución
I gave her a watch which stopped working two days later. (o The watch which I gave her stopped working two days later.)
El pronombre it se sustituye por el relativo which y desaparece but. En la segunda opción, which es objeto de la relativa.
B10. ‘Don’t leave the door unlocked,’ his mother told Peter.
(WARNED)
Solución
His mother warned Peter not to leave the door unlocked. (o Peter was warned (by his mother) not to leave the door unlocked.)
Una orden negativa en estilo indirecto se construye con warn + persona + not to + infinitivo. También vale en pasiva, con Peter como sujeto.
B11. We’ll get to the theatre after the beginning of the play.
By the time…
Solución
By the time we get to the theatre, the play will have (already) begun.
Con by the time + presente simple (con valor de futuro), la acción que habrá terminado antes va en futuro perfecto: will have begun.
B12. My sister ate a lot of sweets when she was a child.
(USED)
Solución
My sister used to eat a lot of sweets when she was a child. (o As a child, my sister used to eat a lot of sweets.)
Un hábito del pasado que ya no se da se expresa con used to + infinitivo.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 3 2025
Examen de reserva
Reserva 3 2025
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a las 6 preguntas de la opción escogida.
USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE OPTION 1 OR OPTION 2 AND ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM THAT OPTION ONLY.
OPTION 1
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING. THE NEW SENTENCE MUST CLEARLY PRESENT A DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE.
- BEGIN AS INDICATED OR USE THE WORD IN BRACKETS.
- THE WORDS PROVIDED MUST NOT BE CHANGED IN ANY WAY.
B1. I hate it when you speak to your classmates like that.
If only…
Solución
If only you wouldn’t speak to your classmates like that.
Para quejarse de una costumbre de otra persona que nos molesta se usa if only (o wish) + would(n’t) + infinitivo.
B2. Carol runs faster than Sheryl.
(AS)
Solución
Sheryl can’t run / doesn’t run as (o so) fast as Carol.
El comparativo de superioridad (faster than) se convierte en comparativo de igualdad negativo (not as/so fast as), invirtiendo los términos.
B3. Rose can’t travel more because she has a very demanding job.
If Rose…
Solución
If Rose had a less demanding job, she could travel more.
Segundo condicional, para una situación presente imaginaria: if + pasado simple, could + infinitivo. Se imagina lo contrario de la realidad: un trabajo menos exigente.
B4. In spite of the rain, they went to the concert.
Although…
Solución
Although it was raining, they went to the concert.
In spite of va seguido de un nombre (the rain); although necesita una oración con sujeto y verbo: it was raining.
B5. You mustn’t record TikTok videos at school.
Recording…
Solución
Recording TikTok videos at school is forbidden / not allowed / prohibited / banned.
El gerundio recording funciona como sujeto, y la prohibición de mustn’t se expresa con be + un participio de prohibición (forbidden, not allowed…).
B6. ‘As Mike has forgotten his wallet at home, he can’t pay me back,’ said Paul.
Paul said that Mike…
Solución
Paul said that Mike couldn’t pay him back as / because / since he had forgotten his wallet at home.
En estilo indirecto los tiempos retroceden (can’t → couldn’t, has forgotten → had forgotten) y el pronombre me pasa a him, porque se refiere a Paul.
OPTION 2
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING. THE NEW SENTENCE MUST CLEARLY PRESENT A DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE.
- BEGIN AS INDICATED OR USE THE WORD IN BRACKETS.
- THE WORDS PROVIDED MUST NOT BE CHANGED IN ANY WAY.
B7. Producers all over the country are promoting the musical.
The musical…
Solución
The musical is being promoted (by producers) all over the country.
Pasiva del presente continuo: is being + participio. El agente (by producers) puede mantenerse u omitirse.
B8. He trains a lot but he never loses weight.
No matter how…
Solución
No matter how much / hard he trains, he never loses weight.
No matter how + adverbio (“por mucho que”) expresa que el resultado no cambia. A lot se convierte en how much o how hard.
B9. What is the price of that blue cardigan?
(MUCH)
Solución
How much does that blue cardigan cost? (o How much is that blue cardigan?)
Para preguntar por un precio se usa how much, con el verbo cost (y el auxiliar does) o con be.
B10. The treatment known as NewFace reduces wrinkles in two weeks.
NewFace is a…
Solución
NewFace is a treatment which / that reduces wrinkles in two weeks. (o NewFace is a treatment to reduce / reducing wrinkles in two weeks.)
Se define NewFace con una relativa especificativa (which/that), o con una forma reducida de la relativa: to-infinitivo o -ing.
B11. I don’t have much interest in abstract art.
(INTERESTED)
Solución
I am not very / really interested in abstract art.
El nombre interest pasa al adjetivo interested, que va con be y la preposición in. Not much se convierte en not very/really.
B12. I haven’t had a Japanese meal for ages.
It’s been…
Solución
It’s been ages since I (last) had a Japanese meal.
El present perfect negativo con for equivale a it’s been + periodo + since + pasado simple, en afirmativa.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 4 2025
Examen de reserva
Reserva 4 2025
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a las 6 preguntas de la opción escogida.
USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE OPTION 1 OR OPTION 2 AND ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM THAT OPTION ONLY.
OPTION 1
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING. THE NEW SENTENCE MUST CLEARLY PRESENT A DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE.
- BEGIN AS INDICATED OR USE THE WORD IN BRACKETS.
- THE WORDS PROVIDED MUST NOT BE CHANGED IN ANY WAY.
B1. Adriana’s performance wasn’t as impressive as Julia’s.
Julia’s performance…
Solución
Julia’s performance was more impressive than Adriana’s.
El comparativo de igualdad negativo (not as… as) se convierte en comparativo de superioridad (more… than), invirtiendo los términos.
B2. Mike is so unfit because he never does any exercise.
If Mike…
Solución
If Mike did (some) exercise, he wouldn’t be so unfit / he would be fit(ter).
Segundo condicional, para una situación presente imaginaria: if + pasado simple, would + infinitivo. Se imagina lo contrario de la realidad: never does → did, is so unfit → wouldn’t be so unfit.
B3. I have arranged to have lunch with Joyce today.
I am…
Solución
I am having (o going to have) lunch with Joyce today.
Para un plan ya acordado se usa el presente continuo con valor de futuro. También vale be going to, que expresa intención.
B4. The babysitter takes care of Tommy in the afternoon.
(LOOKS)
Solución
The babysitter looks after Tommy in the afternoon.
El phrasal verb look after significa “cuidar de”, igual que take care of.
B5. They were painting the house while we were away on holiday.
(PAINTED)
Solución
The house was being painted while we were away on holiday. (o We were having/getting our house painted while we were away on holiday.)
Pasiva del pasado continuo (was being + participio), con the house como sujeto. También vale la estructura causativa have/get + objeto + participio, porque fuimos nosotros quienes encargamos el trabajo.
B6. You’ve been laughing at Sam’s little brother.
The person whom…
Solución
The person whom you have been laughing at is / was Sam’s little brother.
Whom es el relativo de persona en función de objeto; como laugh at lleva preposición, esta queda al final de la relativa. La oración principal se completa con is/was Sam’s little brother.
OPTION 2
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING. THE NEW SENTENCE MUST CLEARLY PRESENT A DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE.
- BEGIN AS INDICATED OR USE THE WORD IN BRACKETS.
- THE WORDS PROVIDED MUST NOT BE CHANGED IN ANY WAY.
B7. ‘I must hide Jane’s birthday present before she gets home,’ Karen said.
(HAD)
Solución
Karen said that she had to hide Jane’s birthday present before she got home.
En estilo indirecto, must de obligación pasa a had to, el pronombre I a she y el presente gets retrocede a got.
B8. John is an only child.
John hasn’t…
Solución
John hasn’t got any brothers (or sisters) / siblings.
Ser hijo único (an only child) significa no tener hermanos: hasn’t got any + plural.
B9. The microwave was so heavy that I needed help to carry it.
It was…
Solución
It was such a heavy microwave that I needed help to carry it.
So va delante de un adjetivo solo (so heavy); such va delante de a/an + adjetivo + nombre (such a heavy microwave).
B10. The six o’clock train to Brighton couldn’t leave because there was a storm.
(DUE)
Solución
The six o’clock train to Brighton couldn’t leave due to a storm. (o Due to a storm, the six o’clock train to Brighton couldn’t leave.)
Because va seguido de una oración; due to va seguido de un nombre (a storm), así que desaparece there was.
B11. Perhaps they didn’t hear the good news last night.
(MIGHT)
Solución
They might not have heard the good news last night.
Para una posibilidad sobre el pasado se usa might (not) have + participio, que sustituye a perhaps + pasado simple.
B12. Houdini was believed to be a fabulous magician.
People…
Solución
People believed that Houdini was a fabulous magician.
Se pasa de la pasiva con sujeto personal (was believed to be) a la activa con el sujeto genérico people: people believed (that) + oración con el verbo conjugado (was).