PRUEBA DE ACCESO A LA UNIVERSIDADY PRUEBA DE ADMISIÓN
ANDALUCÍA, CEUTA, MELILLA y CENTROS en MARRUECOS
CURSO 2024-2025
LENGUA EXTRANJERA IIINGLÉS - ACCESO
Instrucciones:
a) Duración: 1 hora y 30 minutos.
b) Todas las cuestiones deben responderse en el papel entregado para la realización del examen y nunca en los folios que contienen los enunciados.
c) Este examen consta de varios bloques. Debe responder a las preguntas que se indican en cada uno.
d) La puntuación está indicada en cada uno de los apartados.
e) No se permite el uso de diccionario.
El examen consta de 3 Bloques (A, B y C)
En cada bloque (Comprehension, Use of English y Writing) se plantean varias preguntas. Se deberá responder al número que se indica. En caso de aportar más de una respuesta, solo se tendrá en cuenta la que aparezca en primer lugar. Las preguntas han de ser respondidas en su totalidad: si la pregunta tiene dos secciones, hay que responder a ambas.
BLOQUE A (Comprensión lectora)
Puntuación máxima: 4 puntos
Debe responderse a las 8 preguntas del texto propuesto.
COMPREHENSION (4 points). READ THE TEXT AND ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS.
THE FORGOTTEN HABIT OF TWO SLEEPS
- For millennia, people slept in two shifts between nightfall and dawn. But why did this habit disappear?
- On 13 April 1699, in northern England, nine-year-old Jane Rowth and her mother woke up from their first sleep of the evening,
- just before two men came to their window. Mrs. Rowth whispered to Jane to stay quiet and promised to return in the morning, but
- she never came back; she was later found murdered. This story struck historian Roger Ekirch when he discovered Jane’s testimony
- in the judicial archives in the early 1990s, where she casually referenced her “first sleep.”
- Intrigued, Ekirch researched the phenomenon of biphasic sleep, finding that it was widely practiced throughout the preindustrial
- world. References to first and second sleeps appeared in various texts, including Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales and works by
- notable figures such as Plutarch and Virgil. The habit was not limited to England; it appeared in cultures across Africa, South
- America, and Asia. The system of two sleeps was around for centuries, with the first mention dating back to the 8th century BC in
- Homer’s Odyssey. Evidence of biphasic sleep can be found throughout history. For example, Christian monks adopted it for prayers
- in the 6th century.
- In the 17th century, a typical night involved going to bed from 9:00 to 11:00 pm, with people sleeping in shared spaces. Then,
- they would naturally wake up for a period known as the watch, which lasted until about 1:00 am. The watch was used for various
- activities, including household chores, socializing, and even sexual intimacy. This interval was also often a time for reflection,
- prayer, or simply chatting with bed companions.
- Ekirch’s research reached a crucial moment in 1995 when he read about a sleep experiment by Thomas Wehr. The study
- involved men who, after weeks of limited light exposure, reverted to biphasic sleep, confirming Ekirch’s hypothesis about the
- biological basis for this practice. More recent studies, including one in Madagascar, found that certain communities still follow
- biphasic sleep patterns.
- The shift away from this natural rhythm began with the Industrial Revolution, which introduced artificial lighting and altered
- diurnal rhythms, leading to the consolidation of sleep into a single uninterrupted period. Although we may have lost the social and
- philosophical aspects of biphasic sleep, modern conditions provide a different but arguably healthier sleeping experience.
CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D). (0.5 points each)
A1. According to the text, Mrs. Rowth…
Solución
(b) left her daughter unsupervised.
La madre se marchó en plena noche dejando sola a su hija de nueve años y ya no volvió (líneas 3-4): “Mrs. Rowth whispered to Jane to stay quiet and promised to return in the morning, but she never came back”.
El texto dice que la encontraron asesinada (“she was later found murdered”), pero no que la encontrara su hija (a); le pidió que se quedara callada (“to stay quiet”), no que volviera a dormirse (c); y se fue de noche, prometiendo volver por la mañana (d).
A2. According to the text, two-phase sleep…
Solución
(d) was affected by the Industrial Revolution.
La Revolución Industrial, con la luz artificial, acabó con el sueño en dos fases (líneas 20-21): “The shift away from this natural rhythm began with the Industrial Revolution, which introduced artificial lighting and altered diurnal rhythms”.
El texto no habla de razones de seguridad, sino de una base biológica (“the biological basis for this practice”) (a); ya aparecía en obras como la Odisea o The Canterbury Tales, mucho antes del estudio de Ekirch (b); y el periodo de vigilia se usaba para relacionarse y charlar con quienes compartían la cama (“socializing… chatting with bed companions”) (c).
ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT. (0.5 points each)
A3. Ekirch found Jane’s testimony while he tried to prove his theory of two sleeps.
Solución
FALSE. “This story struck historian Roger Ekirch when he discovered Jane’s testimony in the judicial archives in the early 1990s, (where she casually referenced her ‘first sleep’)” (líneas 4-5).
Ekirch no tenía aún ninguna teoría: el testimonio de Jane fue lo que le llamó la atención y le llevó a investigar el sueño bifásico (“Intrigued, Ekirch researched…”).
A4. The two-phase sleep facilitated the performance of monastic duties.
Solución
TRUE. “(For example,) Christian monks adopted it for prayers in the 6th century.” (líneas 10-11).
Los monjes aprovechaban el despertar entre los dos sueños para rezar, una de sus obligaciones.
A5. The first period of sleep was commonly referred to as the watch.
Solución
FALSE. “Then, they would naturally wake up for a period known as the watch, (which lasted until about 1:00 am).” (líneas 12-13).
The watch no era el primer sueño, sino el periodo en que se estaba despierto entre los dos sueños.
A6. The two-phase sleep required domestic tasks to be done after sunrise.
Solución
FALSE. “The watch was used for various activities, including household chores (, socializing, and even sexual intimacy).” (líneas 13-14).
Las tareas de la casa se hacían de noche, durante el periodo de vigilia, no después del amanecer.
A7. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
A7.1. ONE SYNONYM FOR: “murmur” (verb).
Solución
whispered (línea 3): “Mrs. Rowth whispered to Jane to stay quiet”. Como se pide un verbo, también vale el infinitivo, whisper.
A7.2. ONE SYNONYM FOR: “mate” (noun).
Solución
companions (línea 15): “chatting with bed companions”. Como “mate” está en singular, también vale companion.
A8. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
A8.1. ONE WORD MEANING: “a formal statement or account given as evidence to support a fact or claim.”
Solución
testimony (línea 4): “he discovered Jane’s testimony in the judicial archives”.
A8.2. ONE WORD MEANING: “to engage in informal conversation, typically in a relaxed or friendly manner.”
Solución
chatting (línea 15): “simply chatting with bed companions”. Como la definición es un infinitivo (“to engage…”), también vale chat.
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a las 6 preguntas de la opción escogida.
USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE OPTION 1 OR OPTION 2 AND ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM THAT OPTION ONLY.
OPTION 1
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING. THE NEW SENTENCE MUST CLEARLY PRESENT A DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE.
- BEGIN AS INDICATED OR USE THE WORD IN BRACKETS.
- THE WORDS PROVIDED MUST NOT BE CHANGED IN ANY WAY.
B1. I’ve never been to a more interesting city than London.
The most…
Solución
The most interesting city I’ve (ever) been to is London.
Del comparativo con never (never… a more interesting city than) se pasa al superlativo (the most interesting city). La relativa I’ve (ever) been to va sin pronombre y con la preposición al final. Ever es habitual con el superlativo, pero no es obligatorio.
B2. If he doesn’t wear a hat, he’ll get sunburned.
Unless…
Solución
Unless he wears a hat, he will get sunburned.
Unless equivale a if… not, así que el verbo de la condición pasa a afirmativa: doesn’t wear → wears. La oración principal no cambia.
B3. Even though he had a good job, he wasn’t happy.
In spite of…
Solución
In spite of having a good job, he wasn’t happy. (o In spite of the fact that he had a good job… / In spite of his good job…)
Even though va seguido de una oración con sujeto y verbo; in spite of es una preposición y necesita un nombre, un -ing (having) o la fórmula the fact that + oración.
B4. No foreign languages are required for this job.
(NEEDN’T)
Solución
You needn’t speak a/any foreign language for this job. (también foreign languages)
Needn’t + infinitivo sin to expresa que algo no es necesario, igual que not required. Como el modal necesita un sujeto personal, se usa el genérico you y un verbo adecuado al contexto: speak.
B5. When I dance flamenco, I feel happy.
(MAKES)
Solución
Dancing flamenco makes me (feel) happy.
La acción pasa a ser el sujeto en forma de -ing (dancing flamenco), con la estructura make + persona + adjetivo, o make + persona + infinitivo sin to (feel) + adjetivo. El verbo va en tercera persona: makes.
B6. Vince’s photographs are being shown at the exhibition.
They…
Solución
They are showing Vince’s photographs at the exhibition.
Se pasa de pasiva a activa con un sujeto genérico, they. Se mantiene el presente continuo: are being shown → are showing, y el sujeto de la pasiva pasa a ser el objeto.
OPTION 2
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITHOUT CHANGING THE ORIGINAL MEANING. THE NEW SENTENCE MUST CLEARLY PRESENT A DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC STRUCTURE.
- BEGIN AS INDICATED OR USE THE WORD IN BRACKETS.
- THE WORDS PROVIDED MUST NOT BE CHANGED IN ANY WAY.
B7. If I were you, I would eat healthier food.
You had…
Solución
You had better eat healthier food.
Un consejo con If I were you, I would… se puede expresar con had better + infinitivo sin to. Aunque had parece pasado, la estructura se refiere al presente o al futuro.
B8. The groom didn’t buy the engagement ring because it was really expensive.
(SUCH)
Solución
It was such an expensive engagement ring that the groom didn’t/couldn’t buy it.
La causa se convierte en una consecutiva con such + a/an + adjetivo + nombre + that. Se usa an porque expensive empieza por sonido vocálico.
B9. I was promoted in 2021.
2021 was the…
Solución
2021 was the year (in which/when/that) I was promoted.
Se usa una oración de relativo que se refiere a the year. El relativo puede ser when, in which o that, o puede omitirse porque es una relativa especificativa.
B10. My brother asked me if he could borrow $50 until the following Friday.
‘Can…
Solución
‘Can I borrow $50 until next Friday?’ my brother asked me. (o ‘Can you lend me $50 until next Friday?’ my brother asked me.)
Se pasa de estilo indirecto a directo: could vuelve a can, he pasa a I, la pregunta recupera el orden interrogativo y the following Friday vuelve a next Friday. También se puede usar lend (“prestar”) con you como sujeto.
B11. My parents will celebrate their twenty-fifth wedding anniversary in November.
By the end of the year, …
Solución
By the end of the year, my parents will have celebrated their twenty-fifth anniversary. (o …will have been married for twenty-five years.)
Con by + momento futuro se usa el futuro perfecto (will have + participio) para una acción que estará terminada antes de ese momento. Como noviembre es antes del final de año, el aniversario ya se habrá celebrado.
B12. I wish you had met my Erasmus mates.
It’s a pity…
Solución
It’s a pity (that) you haven’t met/didn’t meet my Erasmus mates.
I wish + pasado perfecto lamenta algo que no ocurrió. Con It’s a pity (that) se describe la realidad, por eso la oración pasa a negativa, en present perfect o en pasado simple.
BLOQUE C (Redacción)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Deberá realizar una redacción de un mínimo de 120 palabras de SOLAMENTE 1 de los dos temas propuestos.
WRITING (3 points)
C. WRITE A COMPOSITION OF AT LEAST 120 WORDS ABOUT ONE OF THE TOPICS PROPOSED AND FOCUS ON IT. CHOOSE ONE TOPIC ONLY:
C1. How do you balance work and rest in your daily routine?
C2. Do you think young people sleep enough nowadays? Discuss.