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Examen de reserva · Curso 2022–2023

Inglés, reserva 1 de 2023.
Examen de Selectividad resuelto.

Enunciado oficial completo de la PEvAU de Andalucía, con las soluciones de Reading y Use of English explicadas pregunta a pregunta. Intenta cada ejercicio antes de mirar su solución.

Revisado el

PRUEBA DE EVALUACIÓN DE BACHILLERATO PARA ELACCESO A LA UNIVERSIDAD Y PRUEBAS DE ADMISIÓN

ANDALUCÍA, CEUTA, MELILLA y CENTROS en MARRUECOS

CURSO 2022-2023

LENGUA EXTRANJERA(INGLÉS)

Instrucciones:

a) Duración: 1 hora y 30 minutos.

b) Este examen consta de varios bloques. Debe responder a las preguntas que se indican en cada uno.

c) La puntuación está indicada en cada uno de los apartados.

d) No se permite el uso de diccionario.

El examen consta de 3 Bloques (A, B y C)

En cada bloque (Comprehension, Use of English y Writing) se plantean varias preguntas, de las que se deberá responder al número que se indica en cada uno. En caso de responder más cuestiones de las requeridas, serán tenidas en cuenta las respondidas en primer lugar hasta alcanzar dicho número. Las preguntas han de ser respondidas en su totalidad: si la pregunta tiene dos secciones, hay que responder ambas.

BLOQUE A (Comprensión lectora)

Puntuación máxima: 4 puntos

Debe responderse a las 8 preguntas de uno de los 2 textos propuestos.

I * COMPREHENSION (4 points). CHOOSE TEXT 1 OR TEXT 2 AND ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM THAT TEXT ONLY.

TEXT 1: ANIME: A GLOBAL POP CULTURE PHENOMENON

  1. The origin of anime can be traced back to the beginning of the 20th century. However, it wasn’t until 1958 that Hiroshi Okawa,
  2. president of the Toei Doga production company, decided to turn it into the “Disney of the East.” His efforts were worth it, and anime
  3. gradually became a global cultural phenomenon. In order to understand how significant this phenomenon is we can travel back to
  4. 2004, when Japan sent trucks to Iraq to help reconstruction. The Japanese feared that the local population would not recognize
  5. their flag stamped on the trucks’ sides. To avoid this, they decorated the trucks with posters of Captain Tsubasa, a popular anime
  6. character.
  7. One reason why anime gained such popularity internationally in the 90s was its distinctive style, easily recognizable by its
  8. simplified animation and its characters’ disproportionately big eyes. The animation style was basic because reducing the number
  9. of frames helped to save money. The second trait, the huge eyes, responds to multiple factors. Big eyes make it easier for
  10. animators to express emotions powerfully by concentrating on just one body part. At the same time, audiences are positively drawn
  11. to big round eyes, which make characters look innocent and young. Japanese culture also plays a part in anime’s expressive eyes,
  12. since the polite thing in Japan is not to show emotions openly through body language but through subtle eye expressions.
  13. Anime has stayed hugely successful worldwide because it appeals to a wide range of people of all ages and nationalities who
  14. keep loyal to their cartoons for years. The emotional soundtracks and eye-catching colours keep hooking fans today.

CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D). (0.5 points each)

1. According to the text, Hiroshi Okawa…

(a) founded Toei Doga studios.(b) designed the first anime characters.(c) had worked for Disney studios.(d) made anime internationally known.

Solución

(d) made anime internationally known.

Quiso convertir el anime en “la Disney de Oriente” y lo consiguió: se convirtió en un fenómeno mundial (líneas 1-3), “His efforts were worth it, and anime gradually became a global cultural phenomenon.”

Era el presidente de la productora, no su fundador (a); el anime existía desde principios del siglo XX (b); y el texto no dice que trabajara para Disney (c).

2. According to the text, the Japanese used Captain Tsubasa in order to…

(a) frighten the Iraqi armed forces.(b) create a friendlier Japanese flag.(c) help Iraqis to identify Japanese aid.(d) promote anime culture in Iraq.

Solución

(c) help Iraqis to identify Japanese aid.

Temían que los iraquíes no reconocieran su bandera, así que decoraron los camiones con el personaje (líneas 4-5): “The Japanese feared that the local population would not recognize their flag… To avoid this, they decorated the trucks with posters of Captain Tsubasa”.

Los camiones iban a ayudar en la reconstrucción, no a asustar a nadie (a); la bandera no cambió, se añadieron carteles (b); y el objetivo era que se reconociera la ayuda, no promocionar el anime (d).

ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points each)

3. In the past, anime production tried to imitate Western animation studios.

Solución

TRUE. (However, it wasn’t until 1958 that) Hiroshi Okawa (, president of the Toei Doga production company,) decided to turn it into the ‘Disney of the East.’ (líneas 1-2).

Okawa quiso convertir su productora en la versión oriental de Disney, un estudio occidental.

4. The simplicity of anime contributed to cutting down production costs.

Solución

TRUE. The animation style was basic because reducing the number of frames helped to save money. (líneas 8-9).

Usar menos fotogramas abarataba la producción.

5. Anime’s peculiar eyes make characters less likeable to the public.

Solución

FALSE. At the same time, audiences are positively drawn to big round eyes (, which make characters look innocent and young). (líneas 10-11).

Los ojos grandes y redondos atraen al público.

6. Anime remains so massively popular because its fans are great followers.

Solución

TRUE. Anime has stayed hugely successful worldwide because it appeals to a wide range of people (of all ages and nationalities) who keep loyal to their cartoons for years. (líneas 13-14).

Sus seguidores le son fieles durante años.

7. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)

7.1. ONE SYNONYM FOR: “firm” (noun)

Solución

company (línea 2): “the Toei Doga production company”.

7.2. ONE OPPOSITE FOR: “lose” (verb)

Solución

gained (línea 7): “anime gained such popularity internationally”. Como se pide un verbo, también vale el infinitivo, gain.

8. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)

8.1. ONE WORD MEANING: “a piece of cloth with distinctive colors used as an emblem”

Solución

flag (línea 5): “their flag stamped on the trucks’ sides”.

8.2. ONE WORD MEANING: “the music that is recorded for a film”

Solución

soundtracks (línea 14): “The emotional soundtracks”. En singular, también vale soundtrack.

TEXT 2: THIS JOB IS A PIECE OF CAKE!

  1. It turns out you might be able to eat candy for a living and make thousands in the process. Canada’s Candy Funhouse is hiring
  2. a chief candy officer, according to a recent job posting.
  3. “Do you love candy and chocolate? Are you passionate about sweet treats and exploring unreleased and existing products? If
  4. so, this is the perfect position for you!” the description reads. The Ontario-based company says the position pays 100,000 Canadian
  5. dollars annually. The job can be remote or based in its Canada or New Jersey offices.
  6. The chief candy officer will serve as head taste tester and try over 3,500 products monthly. Besides eating about 113 pieces
  7. of candy a day, the chief candy officer will lead the company’s candy strategy, run candy board meetings and have a say in which
  8. products Candy Funhouse will release into the market. Applicants can be as young as 5 years old and must reside in North
  9. America.
  10. “All you need is a passion for candy and pop culture, and obviously a sweet tooth!” According to the job description, the chief
  11. candy officer will also undergo “extensive palate training,” which will be provided by the company. No previous experience is
  12. necessary. So far, nearly 6,500 people have applied for the job. Inquiries on the job are so numerous that the company has
  13. admitted that its usual response time is delayed.
  14. The position no doubt involves excessive consumption of sugar, which the World Health Organization recommends limiting to
  15. 10% of the daily calorie intake. Too much sugar can increase the risk of Type-2 diabetes and heart disease. At least, the job
  16. posting specifies that the position comes with an “extensive dental plan.”

CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D). (0.5 points each)

9. According to the text, candidates…

(a) cannot be minors.(b) must have a dental insurance plan.(c) should be open to trying new products.(d) should have worked for a sweets company.

Solución

(c) should be open to trying new products.

Se busca a alguien con ganas de probar productos nuevos (línea 3): “Are you passionate about sweet treats and exploring unreleased and existing products?”

Se puede presentar desde los 5 años (a); el seguro dental lo ofrece la empresa (b); y no hace falta experiencia previa (“No previous experience is necessary”) (d).

10. According to the text, the new candy officer…

(a) needn’t like sweets to do the job.(b) won’t get dental check-ups.(c) will receive specialized instruction.(d) must be healthy.

Solución

(c) will receive specialized instruction.

La empresa le dará una formación específica del paladar (línea 11): “will also undergo ‘extensive palate training,’ which will be provided by the company.”

Hace falta pasión por los dulces (“a passion for candy”) (a); el puesto incluye un amplio seguro dental (b); y el texto no exige un buen estado de salud (d).

ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points each)

11. In this position, you will have the chance to work from home.

Solución

TRUE. The job can be remote or based in its Canada or New Jersey offices. (línea 5).

El trabajo se puede hacer a distancia (“remote”).

12. The appointed person will not take part in decision making.

Solución

FALSE. (Besides eating about 113 pieces of candy a day,) the chief candy officer will lead the company’s candy strategy, // run candy board meetings // and have a say in which products Candy Funhouse will release into the market. (líneas 7-8).

Dirigirá la estrategia y opinará sobre qué productos se lanzan. Basta con una de las tres partes.

13. The company is receiving more requests for information than they can handle in time.

Solución

TRUE. Inquiries on the job are so numerous that the company has admitted that its usual response time is delayed. (líneas 12-13).

Hay tantas consultas que la empresa tarda más de lo normal en responder.

14. The job requirements are unhealthy according to medical standards.

Solución

TRUE. The position no doubt involves excessive consumption of sugar, which the World Health Organization recommends limiting to 10% of the daily calorie intake. (líneas 14-15).

El puesto supone tomar mucho más azúcar de lo que recomienda la OMS.

15. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)

15.1. ONE OPPOSITE FOR: “fire” (verb)

Solución

hiring (línea 1): “Canada’s Candy Funhouse is hiring”. También vale el infinitivo, hire.

15.2. ONE SYNONYM FOR: “launch” (verb)

Solución

release (línea 8): “will release into the market”.

16. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)

16.1. ONE WORD MEANING: “a plan of action intended to accomplish a specific goal”

Solución

strategy (línea 7): “the company’s candy strategy”.

16.2. ONE WORD MEANING: “a situation involving exposure to danger”

Solución

risk (línea 15): “increase the risk of Type-2 diabetes”.

BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)

Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos

Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.

II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.

17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:

17.1. “Remember… your passport with you to confirm your identity.” (bring)

17.2. “Look at those monkeys! I… a picture before they run away!” (take)

Solución

17.1. “Remember to bring your passport with you to confirm your identity.”

Remember to + infinitivo significa “acordarse de hacer algo” que todavía no se ha hecho.

17.2. “Look at those monkeys! I will take (o ’ll take) a picture before they run away!”

Se usa will para una decisión espontánea tomada en el momento de hablar.

18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:

18.1. “Since the lift was out of order I… use the stairs.” ought to / had to / could / must

18.2. “Please, take your umbrella… it rains.” in case / as much as / as long as / in case of

Solución

18.1. “Since the lift was out of order I had to use the stairs.”

Es una obligación en el pasado, así que se usa had to; must no tiene forma de pasado.

18.2. “Please, take your umbrella in case it rains.”

In case (“por si”) va seguido de una oración; in case of va seguido de un nombre.

19. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The Cabinet has already been reorganised by the Prime Minister.”

Solución

The Prime Minister has already reorganised the Cabinet.

El agente (by the Prime Minister) pasa a ser el sujeto y se mantiene el present perfect con already.

20. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “Scientists have to conduct a new study to evaluate the situation after the volcano’s eruption.”

Solución

A new study has to be conducted to evaluate the situation after the volcano’s eruption. (o A new study to evaluate the situation after the volcano’s eruption has to be conducted.)

Con have to, la pasiva se forma con has to be + participio. El objeto pasa a ser el sujeto y el agente scientists se puede omitir.

21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “She’s been in charge for a couple of years.”

Solución

(For) How long has she been in charge?

Para preguntar por una duración se usa how long, con el auxiliar has delante del sujeto.

22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “The knife had a really sharp blade. I got cut with it.”

Solución

The knife with which I got cut had a really sharp blade. (o I got cut with the knife(,) which had a really sharp blade.)

El pronombre it se sustituye por which; si la preposición with va delante, el relativo tiene que ser which.

23. REWRITE THE NEXT SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “This coat is too heavy to be worn all day long.” This coat isn’t…

Solución

This coat isn’t light enough to be worn all day long.

Too + adjetivo equivale a not + adjetivo contrario + enough: too heavy → not light enough.

24. COMPLETE THIS CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “… , provided that you help me.”

Solución

I will finish the project today, provided that you help me. (por ejemplo)

Provided that (“siempre que”) introduce una condición en presente, como un primer condicional: la oración principal lleva sujeto + will + infinitivo.

25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “Despite my complaint, I did not get a pay rise.” Although…

Solución

Although I complained (o had complained), I did not get a pay rise.

Despite va seguido de un nombre (my complaint); although necesita una oración con sujeto y verbo: I complained.

26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “In addition with making his bed, my little brother always helps me with many others household chores.”

Solución

In addition to making his bed, my little brother always helps me with many other household chores.

Primer error: la expresión es in addition to (+ -ing). Segundo error: other delante de un nombre es adjetivo y no lleva -s.

27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “The coach asked us why we had lost focus during the previous day’s match.”

Solución

“Why did you lose focus during yesterday’s match?” the coach asked (us). (o The coach said (to us) / told us / asked (us), “Why did you lose focus during yesterday’s match?”)

En estilo directo la pregunta recupera el orden interrogativo con did, el pasado perfecto vuelve a pasado simple, we pasa a you y the previous day’s a yesterday’s.

28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:

willmybydoneIgetprofessionalanails

Solución

I will get my nails done by a professional.

Estructura causativa get + objeto + participio, en futuro, con el agente introducido por by.

BLOQUE C (Redacción)

Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos

Deberá realizar una redacción de un mínimo de 120 palabras de SOLAMENTE 1 de los dos temas propuestos.

III * WRITING (3 points)

29. WRITE A COMPOSITION OF AT LEAST 120 WORDS ABOUT ONE OF THE TOPICS PROPOSED AND FOCUS ON IT. CHOOSE ONE TOPIC ONLY:

29.1. What movies, books or TV shows had the biggest impact on your childhood? Explain.

29.2. Advantages and disadvantages of working from home. Discuss.

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