Use of English.
Inglés, exámenes de 2023.
El Use of English vale 3 puntos, a 0,5 por pregunta: reescribir frases sin cambiar su significado (condicionales, pasiva, estilo indirecto, comparativos…) y, hasta 2024, también completar huecos, corregir errores o formular preguntas. Cada respuesta lleva la explicación gramatical en español.
Convocatoria ordinaria
Junio 2023
Convocatoria ordinaria
Junio 2023
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “You should… him more nicely when he visited you. Now he’s upset.” (treat)
17.2. “By the time we get married next summer, we… for two years.” (be engaged)
Solución
17.1. “You should have treated him more nicely when he visited you. Now he’s upset.”
Para criticar o lamentar algo que no se hizo en el pasado se usa should have + participio.
17.2. “By the time we get married next summer, we will have been engaged for two years.”
Con by the time + momento futuro y for + periodo se usa el futuro perfecto (will have + participio): el compromiso habrá durado dos años cuando llegue la boda.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Can I… your charger? My phone battery has died.” lend / own / borrow / let
18.2. “He escaped by digging a hole… the wall.” through / out / thorough / around
Solución
18.1. “Can I borrow your charger? My phone battery has died.”
Borrow es “tomar prestado”: quien habla es quien recibe el cargador. Lend (“prestar”) se usaría con you como sujeto: Can you lend me…?
18.2. “He escaped by digging a hole through the wall.”
Through indica que el agujero atraviesa la pared de un lado a otro. No hay que confundirlo con thorough (“minucioso”).
19. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The rumour was being spread by all the media outlets.”
Solución
All the media outlets were spreading the rumour.
El agente (by all the media outlets) pasa a ser el sujeto y the rumour pasa a ser el objeto. Se mantiene el pasado continuo: was being spread → were spreading, en plural porque el nuevo sujeto es plural.
20. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “We ask students to mute their phones while in class.”
Solución
Students are asked to mute their phones while in class.
El objeto (students) pasa a ser el sujeto, con el presente simple pasivo are asked. El complemento to mute their phones se mantiene y el agente we se omite.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “Cecilia is pretty, short and has big blue eyes.”
Solución
What is Cecilia like?
Para pedir una descripción de cómo es una persona se usa What is… like?. No hay que confundirlo con What does Cecilia like?, que pregunta por sus gustos.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “This is the hospital. Your sister was born here.”
Solución
This is the hospital where (o in which) your sister was born. (o This is the hospital (which/that) your sister was born in.)
El adverbio de lugar here se sustituye por where o in which. También se puede usar which/that, o ningún relativo, dejando la preposición in al final.
23. REWRITE THE NEXT SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “It wasn’t necessary for you to work late last night.” You needn’t…
Solución
You needn’t have worked late last night.
Needn’t have + participio indica que alguien hizo algo en el pasado que no era necesario: trabajaste hasta tarde, pero no hacía falta.
24. COMPLETE THIS CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “If I had known you were busy, …”
Solución
If I had known you were busy, I wouldn’t have called you. (por ejemplo)
Es un tercer condicional, sobre una situación pasada que no ocurrió: con If + pasado perfecto (had known), la oración principal lleva sujeto + would (not) have + participio. Cualquier final con sentido y con esa estructura es correcto.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “When did they buy their new sports car?” How long…?
Solución
How long have they had their new sports car?
Con how long se pregunta por una duración que llega hasta el presente, así que se usa el present perfect. Buy es una acción puntual, por eso se sustituye por have (“tener”), que expresa un estado que dura: have had.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “Can you please put all this books in the shelf above?”
Solución
Can you please put all these books on the shelf above?
Primer error: books es plural, así que el demostrativo es these, no this. Segundo error: con una superficie como una balda se usa on, no in.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “The manager told me to discuss my idea with the senior clerk.”
Solución
“Discuss your idea with the senior clerk (, please),” the manager asked / told me.
Una orden en estilo indirecto (told me to + infinitivo) se convierte en un imperativo entre comillas. El posesivo cambia de my a your, porque ahora es el jefe quien habla.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
I think it is time to go back home.
La estructura it is time to + infinitivo significa “es hora de”, y va introducida por I think. Go back home (“volver a casa”) va sin preposición delante de home.
Convocatoria extraordinaria
Julio 2023
Convocatoria extraordinaria
Julio 2023
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “I had the gas pipes… last week.” (check)
17.2. “I’m looking forward to… promoted at work.” (be)
Solución
17.1. “I had the gas pipes checked last week.”
Estructura causativa have + objeto + participio: no las revisé yo, sino que encargué a alguien que lo hiciera.
17.2. “I’m looking forward to being promoted at work.”
En look forward to, to es una preposición, así que va seguido de -ing: being promoted.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “My car broke… and that’s why I was late.” off / down / on / up
18.2. “Your sister is still mad… me.” at / to / after / with
Solución
18.1. “My car broke down and that’s why I was late.”
El phrasal verb break down significa “averiarse, dejar de funcionar”, sobre todo un vehículo o una máquina.
18.2. “Your sister is still mad at me.”
Be mad at somebody significa “estar enfadado con alguien”.
19. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The cows are being milked now.”
Solución
Someone is milking the cows now. (o They are milking the cows now.)
Como la pasiva no indica quién hace la acción, en activa se usa un sujeto genérico (someone o they). Se mantiene el presente continuo: are being milked → is/are milking.
20. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “Unfortunately, they don’t believe Jack is a great musician.”
Solución
Unfortunately, Jack isn’t believed to be a great musician. (o Unfortunately, it isn’t believed that Jack is a great musician.)
Con verbos de opinión como believe hay dos pasivas: con sujeto personal (Jack isn’t believed + to-infinitivo) o impersonal (it isn’t believed that + oración). El sujeto genérico they desaparece.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “The president is giving an interview at a local TV channel.”
Solución
Where is the president giving an interview?
Las palabras subrayadas indican un lugar, así que se pregunta con where. En presente continuo, el auxiliar is va delante del sujeto.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “Paris is known as the City of Light. I’d like to go there.”
Solución
Paris, where I’d like to go, is known as the City of Light. (o I’d like to go to Paris, which is known as the City of Light.)
Como Paris es un nombre propio, la relativa es explicativa y va entre comas. Si el relativo sustituye a there, se usa where; si sustituye a Paris como sujeto, which.
23. REWRITE THE NEXT SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “I’m sure Jim was in the garden when the phone rang.” Jim must…
Solución
Jim must have been in the garden when the phone rang.
Para expresar una deducción casi segura sobre el pasado se usa must have + participio. Sustituye a I’m sure + pasado simple.
24. COMPLETE THIS CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “What would you tell her…?”
Solución
What would you tell her if you saw her again? (por ejemplo)
Es un segundo condicional, para una situación hipotética: si la oración principal lleva would + infinitivo, la condición va con if + sujeto + pasado simple. Cualquier condición con sentido y con esa estructura es correcta.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “Nobody won a medal except Jane.” The only…
Solución
The only person/one who/that won a medal was Jane.
Nobody… except Jane equivale a “la única persona que…”: the only person/one + relativa especificativa con who o that.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “I asked to them where had they parked the day before.”
Solución
I asked them where they had parked the day before.
Primer error: ask va seguido directamente de la persona, sin to. Segundo error: en una pregunta indirecta no hay inversión; el sujeto va delante del verbo: where they had parked.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘Shall we go to the cinema?’ Jane asked.”
Solución
Jane suggested going to the cinema. (o Jane suggested that we (could/should) go to the cinema.)
Shall we…? es una sugerencia, así que en estilo indirecto se usa el verbo suggest, seguido de -ing o de that + oración.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
Talking is the only way to deal with problems.
El sujeto es el gerundio talking. Detrás va the only way to + infinitivo (“la única forma de”) y el verbo con preposición deal with (“afrontar”).
Examen de reserva
Reserva 1 2023
Examen de reserva
Reserva 1 2023
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “Remember… your passport with you to confirm your identity.” (bring)
17.2. “Look at those monkeys! I… a picture before they run away!” (take)
Solución
17.1. “Remember to bring your passport with you to confirm your identity.”
Remember to + infinitivo significa “acordarse de hacer algo” que todavía no se ha hecho.
17.2. “Look at those monkeys! I will take (o ’ll take) a picture before they run away!”
Se usa will para una decisión espontánea tomada en el momento de hablar.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Since the lift was out of order I… use the stairs.” ought to / had to / could / must
18.2. “Please, take your umbrella… it rains.” in case / as much as / as long as / in case of
Solución
18.1. “Since the lift was out of order I had to use the stairs.”
Es una obligación en el pasado, así que se usa had to; must no tiene forma de pasado.
18.2. “Please, take your umbrella in case it rains.”
In case (“por si”) va seguido de una oración; in case of va seguido de un nombre.
19. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The Cabinet has already been reorganised by the Prime Minister.”
Solución
The Prime Minister has already reorganised the Cabinet.
El agente (by the Prime Minister) pasa a ser el sujeto y se mantiene el present perfect con already.
20. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “Scientists have to conduct a new study to evaluate the situation after the volcano’s eruption.”
Solución
A new study has to be conducted to evaluate the situation after the volcano’s eruption. (o A new study to evaluate the situation after the volcano’s eruption has to be conducted.)
Con have to, la pasiva se forma con has to be + participio. El objeto pasa a ser el sujeto y el agente scientists se puede omitir.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “She’s been in charge for a couple of years.”
Solución
(For) How long has she been in charge?
Para preguntar por una duración se usa how long, con el auxiliar has delante del sujeto.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “The knife had a really sharp blade. I got cut with it.”
Solución
The knife with which I got cut had a really sharp blade. (o I got cut with the knife(,) which had a really sharp blade.)
El pronombre it se sustituye por which; si la preposición with va delante, el relativo tiene que ser which.
23. REWRITE THE NEXT SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “This coat is too heavy to be worn all day long.” This coat isn’t…
Solución
This coat isn’t light enough to be worn all day long.
Too + adjetivo equivale a not + adjetivo contrario + enough: too heavy → not light enough.
24. COMPLETE THIS CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “… , provided that you help me.”
Solución
I will finish the project today, provided that you help me. (por ejemplo)
Provided that (“siempre que”) introduce una condición en presente, como un primer condicional: la oración principal lleva sujeto + will + infinitivo.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “Despite my complaint, I did not get a pay rise.” Although…
Solución
Although I complained (o had complained), I did not get a pay rise.
Despite va seguido de un nombre (my complaint); although necesita una oración con sujeto y verbo: I complained.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “In addition with making his bed, my little brother always helps me with many others household chores.”
Solución
In addition to making his bed, my little brother always helps me with many other household chores.
Primer error: la expresión es in addition to (+ -ing). Segundo error: other delante de un nombre es adjetivo y no lleva -s.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO DIRECT SPEECH: “The coach asked us why we had lost focus during the previous day’s match.”
Solución
“Why did you lose focus during yesterday’s match?” the coach asked (us). (o The coach said (to us) / told us / asked (us), “Why did you lose focus during yesterday’s match?”)
En estilo directo la pregunta recupera el orden interrogativo con did, el pasado perfecto vuelve a pasado simple, we pasa a you y the previous day’s a yesterday’s.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
I will get my nails done by a professional.
Estructura causativa get + objeto + participio, en futuro, con el agente introducido por by.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 2 2023
Examen de reserva
Reserva 2 2023
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “She is so funny! She always makes me…” (laugh)
17.2. “I wish I… at him yesterday.” (not shout)
Solución
17.1. “She is so funny! She always makes me laugh.”
Make + objeto va seguido de infinitivo sin to.
17.2. “I wish I hadn’t shouted at him yesterday.”
Para lamentar algo del pasado se usa wish + pasado perfecto.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “The students will benefit… grants to study abroad.” at / from / of / for
18.2. “He… an old friend at the shopping centre.” came up / came into / ran into / ran off
Solución
18.1. “The students will benefit from grants to study abroad.”
Benefit from significa “beneficiarse de”.
18.2. “He ran into an old friend at the shopping centre.”
El phrasal verb run into significa “encontrarse por casualidad con alguien”.
19. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “Do you know that Martha was offered the position of chief officer?”
Solución
Do you know that they (o the firm) offered Martha the position of chief officer?
Solo cambia la oración subordinada. Como no se dice quién ofreció el puesto, se usa they o el agente lógico (the firm), y Martha pasa a ser el objeto indirecto.
20. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “They must sweep the floor every day after work.”
Solución
The floor must be swept every day after work.
Con un modal, la pasiva se forma con modal + be + participio (swept, participio irregular de sweep).
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORD: “Peter’s daughter won a song contest.”
Solución
Whose daughter won a song contest?
Para preguntar por el poseedor se usa whose + nombre. Como se pregunta por el sujeto, no se usa el auxiliar did.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “That is the flowerpot. I put the key under that pot.”
Solución
That is the flowerpot under which I put the key. (o That is the flowerpot (which) I put the key under.)
That pot se sustituye por which. La preposición under puede ir delante del relativo o al final; en este último caso, el relativo se puede omitir.
23. REWRITE THE NEXT SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “The mechanic is fixing my car right now.” I am…
Solución
I am having (o getting) my car fixed right now (by a mechanic).
Estructura causativa have/get + objeto + participio en presente continuo: yo encargo la reparación y la hace otro.
24. COMPLETE THIS SENTENCE: “The harder you work, …”
Solución
The harder you work, the more you will achieve. (por ejemplo)
La estructura the + comparativo…, the + comparativo (“cuanto más…, más…”) exige que la segunda parte empiece también por the + comparativo, seguido de sujeto y verbo.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “It’s impossible that you saw John yesterday because he was in London.” You…
Solución
You can’t have seen John yesterday because he was in London.
Para una deducción negativa segura sobre el pasado se usa can’t have + participio.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “Paul and Laura went back to home after finish the report.”
Solución
Paul and Laura went back home after finishing the report.
Primer error: go back home no lleva to delante de home. Segundo error: detrás de la preposición after el verbo va en -ing.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘Did Ms. Warren take her watch to the jeweller’s yesterday?’ the porter said.”
Solución
The porter asked if/whether Ms. Warren had taken her watch to the jeweller’s the day before / the previous day.
Una pregunta de sí o no se introduce con if/whether, sin did ni inversión. El pasado simple retrocede a pasado perfecto y yesterday pasa a the day before.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
The opposing team let them win without a fight.
Let + objeto va seguido de infinitivo sin to (let them win). Opposing es un adjetivo que va delante de team.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 3 2023
Examen de reserva
Reserva 3 2023
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “Susan gave up… five years ago.” (jog)
17.2. “No, the word stunning… that!” (not mean)
Solución
17.1. “Susan gave up jogging five years ago.”
El phrasal verb give up (“dejar de”) va seguido de -ing.
17.2. “No, the word stunning does not (o doesn’t) mean that!”
Es una verdad general, así que se usa el presente simple negativo, con does porque el sujeto (the word) es singular.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “… people sing country music in Spain.” A lot / Few / Much / Little
18.2. “My brother is coming to pick me… at the bus station.” after / up / in / on
Solución
18.1. “Few people sing country music in Spain.”
People es contable, así que se descartan much y little; a lot necesitaría of. Few significa “pocos”.
18.2. “My brother is coming to pick me up at the bus station.”
El phrasal verb pick up significa “recoger a alguien”.
19. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “When her parents passed away, she was brought up by a foster family.”
Solución
When her parents passed away, a foster family brought her up.
El agente (by a foster family) pasa a ser el sujeto y she pasa a her, como objeto del phrasal verb bring up (“criar”).
20. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “Did they make these high-end clothes in Spain in the 1990s?”
Solución
Were these high-end clothes made in Spain in the 1990s?
Pasiva interrogativa en pasado simple: were + sujeto + participio. Se usa were porque clothes es plural.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “They used to go to the cinema every two weeks.”
Solución
How often did they use to go to the cinema?
Para preguntar por la frecuencia se usa how often. En interrogativa, used to se forma con did + use to.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “Mary has got a new boyfriend. His mother is a very well-known writer.”
Solución
Mary has got a new boyfriend whose mother is a very well-known writer.
El posesivo his se sustituye por el relativo posesivo whose.
23. REWRITE THE NEXT SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “We suggest that we make a move today.” What about…?
Solución
What about making a move today?
Una sugerencia se puede expresar con What about + -ing, en forma de pregunta.
24. COMPLETE THIS CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “If she dares to do that again, …”
Solución
If she dares to do that again, she will be punished. (por ejemplo)
Primer condicional: con if + presente simple, la oración principal lleva sujeto + will + infinitivo.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “First, Sophie warmed up for ten minutes. Then, she worked out for two hours.” After…
Solución
After warming up for ten minutes, Sophie worked out for two hours. (o After she/Sophie (had) warmed up for ten minutes, she/Sophie worked out for two hours.)
After puede ir seguido de -ing (si el sujeto es el mismo) o de una oración; el pasado perfecto subraya que el calentamiento fue anterior.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “A friend of us has worked like a hairdresser in the past, but he wouldn’t like to do it again.”
Solución
A friend of ours has worked as a hairdresser in the past, but he wouldn’t like to do it again.
Primer error: a friend of va seguido de un pronombre posesivo (ours). Segundo error: para una profesión se usa as (“como, en calidad de”), no like (“parecido a”).
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘We won’t meet our new literature teacher tomorrow,’ the students said.”
Solución
The students said that they wouldn’t meet their new literature teacher the following day / the next day / the day after.
Won’t retrocede a wouldn’t, we/our pasan a they/their y tomorrow a the following day.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
How long did you wait for the train to come?
Pregunta por la duración con how long + did. La estructura wait for + algo + to-infinitivo significa “esperar a que algo ocurra”.
Examen de reserva
Reserva 4 2023
Examen de reserva
Reserva 4 2023
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “The doctor convinced me… so much fat.” (not eat)
17.2. “When you get to the hotel, we… in the lobby.” (wait)
Solución
17.1. “The doctor convinced me not to eat so much fat.”
Convince + persona va seguido de (not) to + infinitivo.
17.2. “When you get to the hotel, we will be waiting in the lobby.”
Se usa el futuro continuo para una acción que estará en curso en un momento del futuro (cuando llegues).
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “Be careful, you… hurt yourself!” have to / should / might / must
18.2. “They gave us the wrong room… mistake.” by / on / at / for
Solución
18.1. “Be careful, you might hurt yourself!”
Se avisa de una posibilidad, así que se usa el modal might.
18.2. “They gave us the wrong room by mistake.”
By mistake (“por error”) es una expresión fija.
19. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “Several foreign languages are taught in this school.”
Solución
We/They teach several foreign languages in this school.
Como la pasiva no indica quién enseña, se usa un sujeto genérico (we o they) y se mantiene el presente simple.
20. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “Today someone sent this interesting article to everyone in the group.”
Solución
Today this interesting article was sent to everyone in the group. (o Today everyone in the group was sent this interesting article.)
Send tiene dos objetos, así que cualquiera puede ser el sujeto de la pasiva. El agente someone se omite.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “Nicole’s parents heard those rumours from their neighbours.”
Solución
Who did Nicole’s parents hear those rumours from? (o From whom did Nicole’s parents hear those rumours?)
Se pregunta por una persona con who (o whom detrás de la preposición), con el auxiliar did. La preposición from puede ir al final o delante de whom.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “The new language assistant has a lovely Irish accent. I immediately took notice of it.”
Solución
The new language assistant has a lovely Irish accent, which I immediately took notice of. (o …, of which I immediately took notice.)
El pronombre it se sustituye por which. La preposición of puede quedarse al final o ir delante de which.
23. REWRITE THE NEXT SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “The night was so dark that we couldn’t see a thing.” It was…
Solución
It was such a dark night that we couldn’t see a thing.
So va delante de un adjetivo solo; such va delante de a/an + adjetivo + nombre.
24. COMPLETE THIS CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “We would have left the party…”
Solución
We would have left the party if we had known the music was so bad. (por ejemplo)
Tercer condicional: si la principal lleva would have + participio, la condición va con if + sujeto + had + participio.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “I last saw him in 2019.” I haven’t…
Solución
I haven’t seen him since 2019 / for four years.
I last saw… equivale al present perfect negativo con since + momento o for + periodo.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “Most people is used to check their email daily.”
Solución
Most people are used to checking their email daily.
Primer error: people es plural. Segundo error: en be used to, to es preposición y va seguido de -ing.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘What was the weather like during your holiday abroad?’ Alison asked me.”
Solución
Alison asked (me) what the weather was like / had been like during my/our holiday abroad.
Pregunta indirecta: orden de afirmativa (what the weather was like), el pasado puede retroceder a pasado perfecto y your pasa a my/our.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
He was happy to arrive in time for the appointment.
Be happy to + infinitivo (“alegrarse de”), con la expresión in time for (“a tiempo para”).