PRUEBA DE EVALUACIÓN DE BACHILLERATO PARA ELACCESO A LA UNIVERSIDAD Y PRUEBAS DE ADMISIÓN
ANDALUCÍA, CEUTA, MELILLA y CENTROS en MARRUECOS
CURSO 2022-2023
LENGUA EXTRANJERA(INGLÉS)
Instrucciones:
a) Duración: 1 hora y 30 minutos.
b) Este examen consta de varios bloques. Debe responder a las preguntas que se indican en cada uno.
c) La puntuación está indicada en cada uno de los apartados.
d) No se permite el uso de diccionario.
El examen consta de 3 Bloques (A, B y C)
En cada bloque (Comprehension, Use of English y Writing) se plantean varias preguntas, de las que se deberá responder al número que se indica en cada uno. En caso de responder más cuestiones de las requeridas, serán tenidas en cuenta las respondidas en primer lugar hasta alcanzar dicho número. Las preguntas han de ser respondidas en su totalidad: si la pregunta tiene dos secciones, hay que responder ambas.
BLOQUE A (Comprensión lectora)
Puntuación máxima: 4 puntos
Debe responderse a las 8 preguntas de uno de los 2 textos propuestos.
I * COMPREHENSION (4 points). CHOOSE TEXT 1 OR TEXT 2 AND ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS FROM THAT TEXT ONLY.
TEXT 1: STAYING ACTIVE IN LATER LIFE
- A healthy lifestyle matters at all ages but probably more as we get older. However, many old people feel that they have reached
- an age when exercise is too tiring, and that it is too late to worry about dietary problems. Nevertheless, those who are active into
- older age see a reduced risk of developing heart disease, obesity or diabetes. Doctors recommend that old people should quit
- smoking, eat a healthy diet and practise some light activity, such as daily walking, to improve their quality of life.
- Paul, an 82-year-old Englishman who has lived in southern Spain for 40 years, believes it is imperative to fight obesity with a
- healthy diet and regular exercise: “The only time I go to a fast-food restaurant is when I am in England visiting my grandchildren.”
- Additionally, he has never smoked and rarely eats meat, adhering to a diet of fish, lentils and salad instead.
- Paul has two young grandchildren who do not fully understand the importance of healthy habits. Concerned about their
- wellbeing, he says, “it’s complicated to tell my grandchildren not to eat junk food or explain to them the importance of exercise, but
- fortunately my daughter exercises a lot, so maybe they will follow our example.”
- Himself a very active man, Paul is no stranger to physical exercise: “I began boxing in my youth, and then I was the proud
- owner of a rather successful fitness centre in Birkenhead for over 30 years,” he states. “Now I keep myself fit working out at home,
- in my little basement gym. I also walk twelve kilometres along the beach every other day, and use the exercise apparatus installed
- close to the beach.”
CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D). (0.5 points each)
1. According to the text, many older people…
Solución
(c) find physical activity exhausting.
Muchas personas mayores sienten que el ejercicio les resulta demasiado cansado (líneas 1-2): “many old people feel that they have reached an age when exercise is too tiring”.
Creen que ya es tarde para preocuparse por la dieta (“too late to worry about dietary problems”), así que no están deseando hacerla (a); el texto dice que el ejercicio reduce el riesgo de esas enfermedades, no que impidan hacerlo (b); y es justo lo contrario: quienes se mantienen activos tienen menos riesgo de enfermar (d).
2. According to the text, Paul…
Solución
(b) hopes his grandkids may eventually lead a healthy life.
Paul confía en que sus nietos acaben siguiendo el ejemplo de su madre y el suyo (línea 10): “fortunately my daughter exercises a lot, so maybe they will follow our example.”
Lleva 40 años en España y tiene 82, así que no ha vivido allí la mayor parte de su vida (a); sus nietos todavía no entienden la importancia de los hábitos saludables (c); y hace deporte desde joven por iniciativa propia, no por orden médica (“I began boxing in my youth”) (d).
ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points each)
3. Elderly people are encouraged to follow a gentle exercise plan.
Solución
TRUE. “Doctors recommend that old people should (quit smoking, eat a healthy diet and) practise some light activity, such as daily walking (, to improve their quality of life.)” (líneas 3-4).
Los médicos recomiendan una actividad suave (“light activity”), como caminar a diario.
4. Paul has switched to a vegetarian diet.
Solución
FALSE. “(Additionally,) he (has never smoked and) rarely eats meat, // adhering to a diet of fish, lentils and salad instead.” (línea 7).
Come carne de vez en cuando (“rarely”, no “never”) y además come pescado, así que su dieta no es vegetariana. Basta con una de las dos partes de la cita.
5. Paul started working out in his old age.
Solución
FALSE. “(Himself a very active man,) Paul is no stranger to physical exercise: ‘I began boxing in my youth (, and then I was the proud owner of a rather successful fitness centre in Birkenhead for over 30 years.)’” (línea 11).
Hace ejercicio desde joven: empezó con el boxeo y luego tuvo un gimnasio durante más de 30 años.
6. Paul always exercises outdoors.
Solución
FALSE. “‘Now I keep myself fit working out at home, in my little basement gym.’” (líneas 12-13).
También hace ejercicio en casa, en el pequeño gimnasio de su sótano.
7. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
7.1. ONE SYNONYM FOR: “trash” (noun)
Solución
junk (línea 9): “not to eat junk food”.
7.2. ONE SYNONYM FOR: “infrequently” (adverb)
Solución
rarely (línea 7): “he… rarely eats meat”.
8. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
8.1. ONE WORD MEANING: “feeling satisfaction for something done or achieved”
Solución
proud (línea 11): “I was the proud owner of a rather successful fitness centre”.
8.2. ONE WORD MEANING: “to stop doing something”
Solución
quit (línea 3): “old people should quit smoking”.
TEXT 2: THE HISTORY OF JEANS
- The word jeans started out in the 1800s, in reference to a cotton cloth used for trousers. Blue jeans, now also called denim,
- were originally made from this fabric and manufactured in the French town of Nîmes. By the 20th century, jeans was the term for
- denim informal trousers.
- The most recognizable, classic jeans were patented in 1873 by Jacob Davis, a tailor, and Levi Strauss, owner of a fabric house
- in San Francisco. Strauss and Davis initially made jeans in two types of fabric, brown cotton and blue denim, but the creation of
- the denim 501 style in 1890 helped the latter fabric take off.
- Hollywood helped romanticize blue jeans in the 1920s and 1930s by putting the trousers on handsome cowboy types played
- by actors John Wayne and Gary Cooper. This glamorous new image appealed to consumers who sought casual leisurewear for
- the weekends and holidays. Publicity photos of famous actresses like Ginger Rogers and Carole Lombard wearing jeans helped
- convince women that the style was for them too. In the 1930s, Vogue gave their approval, calling jeans “Western chic”.
- Yet, it wasn’t until the 1950s that jeans came to be associated with rebellious youth. Hippies wore jeans in the 1960s and early
- 1970s as a way to show support for the working class, while feminists and women’s rights activists chose blue jeans as a way to
- demonstrate gender equality.
- “I have often said that I wish I had invented blue jeans,” Yves Saint Laurent told New York Magazine in November 1983. “They
- have expression, modesty, sex appeal, simplicity… all that I hope for in my clothes.”
CHOOSE AND WRITE THE CORRECT OPTION (A, B, C or D). (0.5 points each)
9. According to the text, the word jeans originally referred to…
Solución
(c) a kind of fabric.
Al principio la palabra designaba un tejido de algodón (línea 1): “The word jeans started out in the 1800s, in reference to a cotton cloth used for trousers.”
Solo en el siglo XX pasó a designar los pantalones (“By the 20th century, jeans was the term for denim informal trousers”) (a); la asociación con los vaqueros del cine llegó en los años 20 y 30 (b); y Nîmes es el lugar donde se fabricaba el tejido, no el significado de la palabra (d).
10. Blue jeans began to be desirable in the first half of the 20th century because…
Solución
(b) cinema icons made them look stylish.
En los años 20 y 30, Hollywood los puso de moda con actores como John Wayne y Gary Cooper (líneas 7-8): “Hollywood helped romanticize blue jeans in the 1920s and 1930s by putting the trousers on handsome cowboy types played by actors John Wayne and Gary Cooper.” Las fotos de actrices como Ginger Rogers hicieron lo mismo entre las mujeres.
El texto no habla de publicidad de Levi Strauss (a); los hippies los llevaron en los años 60 y 70, en la segunda mitad del siglo (c); y la entrevista de New York Magazine es de 1983 (d).
ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWERS WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT, OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points each)
11. According to the text, jeans have always been the same color.
Solución
FALSE. “(Strauss and Davis initially made jeans in two types of fabric,) brown cotton and blue denim (, but the creation of the denim 501 style in 1890 helped the latter fabric take off.)” (línea 5).
Al principio se fabricaban en dos colores: marrón y azul.
12. Female film stars contributed to making jeans trendy among women.
Solución
TRUE. “Publicity photos of famous actresses like Ginger Rogers and Carole Lombard wearing jeans helped convince women that the style was for them too.” (líneas 9-10).
Las fotos de actrices famosas con vaqueros convencieron a las mujeres de que esa moda también era para ellas.
13. Jeans became a symbol of young people’s non-conformism.
Solución
TRUE. “Yet, it wasn’t until the 1950s that jeans came to be associated with rebellious youth.” (línea 11).
A partir de los años 50 los vaqueros se asociaron con la juventud rebelde.
14. Yves Saint Laurent claimed to be the first blue jeans designer.
Solución
FALSE. “‘(I have often said that) I wish I had invented blue jeans,’ (Yves Saint Laurent told New York Magazine in November 1983.)” (línea 14).
I wish I had invented expresa un deseo sobre el pasado que no se cumplió: le habría gustado inventarlos, pero no lo hizo.
15. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
15.1. ONE SYNONYM FOR: “look for” (verb)
Solución
sought (línea 8): “consumers who sought casual leisurewear”. También vale el infinitivo, seek.
15.2. ONE SYNONYM FOR: “persuade” (verb)
Solución
convince (línea 10): “helped convince women that the style was for them too”.
16. FIND IN THE TEXT: (0.5 points)
16.1. ONE WORD MEANING: “informal clothing which you wear when you are not working”
Solución
leisurewear (línea 8): “casual leisurewear for the weekends and holidays”.
16.2. ONE WORD MEANING: “the belief that someone or something is good or acceptable”
Solución
approval (línea 10): “Vogue gave their approval”.
BLOQUE B (Uso de la lengua)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Debe responder a 6 de las 12 preguntas propuestas.
II * USE OF ENGLISH (3 points; 0.5 points each). CHOOSE AND ANSWER ONLY 6 (SIX) QUESTIONS.
17. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH A CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN BRACKETS:
17.1. “I had the gas pipes… last week.” (check)
17.2. “I’m looking forward to… promoted at work.” (be)
Solución
17.1. “I had the gas pipes checked last week.”
Estructura causativa have + objeto + participio: no las revisé yo, sino que encargué a alguien que lo hiciera.
17.2. “I’m looking forward to being promoted at work.”
En look forward to, to es una preposición, así que va seguido de -ing: being promoted.
18. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT OPTION:
18.1. “My car broke… and that’s why I was late.” off / down / on / up
18.2. “Your sister is still mad… me.” at / to / after / with
Solución
18.1. “My car broke down and that’s why I was late.”
El phrasal verb break down significa “averiarse, dejar de funcionar”, sobre todo un vehículo o una máquina.
18.2. “Your sister is still mad at me.”
Be mad at somebody significa “estar enfadado con alguien”.
19. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE: “The cows are being milked now.”
Solución
Someone is milking the cows now. (o They are milking the cows now.)
Como la pasiva no indica quién hace la acción, en activa se usa un sujeto genérico (someone o they). Se mantiene el presente continuo: are being milked → is/are milking.
20. TURN THIS SENTENCE INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE: “Unfortunately, they don’t believe Jack is a great musician.”
Solución
Unfortunately, Jack isn’t believed to be a great musician. (o Unfortunately, it isn’t believed that Jack is a great musician.)
Con verbos de opinión como believe hay dos pasivas: con sujeto personal (Jack isn’t believed + to-infinitivo) o impersonal (it isn’t believed that + oración). El sujeto genérico they desaparece.
21. GIVE A QUESTION FOR THE UNDERLINED WORDS: “The president is giving an interview at a local TV channel.”
Solución
Where is the president giving an interview?
Las palabras subrayadas indican un lugar, así que se pregunta con where. En presente continuo, el auxiliar is va delante del sujeto.
22. JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING A RELATIVE. MAKE CHANGES IF NECESSARY: “Paris is known as the City of Light. I’d like to go there.”
Solución
Paris, where I’d like to go, is known as the City of Light. (o I’d like to go to Paris, which is known as the City of Light.)
Como Paris es un nombre propio, la relativa es explicativa y va entre comas. Si el relativo sustituye a there, se usa where; si sustituye a Paris como sujeto, which.
23. REWRITE THE NEXT SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “I’m sure Jim was in the garden when the phone rang.” Jim must…
Solución
Jim must have been in the garden when the phone rang.
Para expresar una deducción casi segura sobre el pasado se usa must have + participio. Sustituye a I’m sure + pasado simple.
24. COMPLETE THIS CONDITIONAL SENTENCE: “What would you tell her…?”
Solución
What would you tell her if you saw her again? (por ejemplo)
Es un segundo condicional, para una situación hipotética: si la oración principal lleva would + infinitivo, la condición va con if + sujeto + pasado simple. Cualquier condición con sentido y con esa estructura es correcta.
25. REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING ITS MEANING. BEGIN AS INDICATED: “Nobody won a medal except Jane.” The only…
Solución
The only person/one who/that won a medal was Jane.
Nobody… except Jane equivale a “la única persona que…”: the only person/one + relativa especificativa con who o that.
26. THERE ARE TWO MISTAKES IN THIS SENTENCE. FIND THE MISTAKES AND REWRITE THE SENTENCE CORRECTLY: “I asked to them where had they parked the day before.”
Solución
I asked them where they had parked the day before.
Primer error: ask va seguido directamente de la persona, sin to. Segundo error: en una pregunta indirecta no hay inversión; el sujeto va delante del verbo: where they had parked.
27. TURN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCE INTO REPORTED SPEECH: “‘Shall we go to the cinema?’ Jane asked.”
Solución
Jane suggested going to the cinema. (o Jane suggested that we (could/should) go to the cinema.)
Shall we…? es una sugerencia, así que en estilo indirecto se usa el verbo suggest, seguido de -ing o de that + oración.
28. USE THE WORDS IN THE BOXES TO MAKE A MEANINGFUL SENTENCE. USE ALL AND ONLY THE WORDS IN THE BOXES WITHOUT CHANGING THEIR FORM:
Solución
Talking is the only way to deal with problems.
El sujeto es el gerundio talking. Detrás va the only way to + infinitivo (“la única forma de”) y el verbo con preposición deal with (“afrontar”).
BLOQUE C (Redacción)
Puntuación máxima: 3 puntos
Deberá realizar una redacción de un mínimo de 120 palabras de SOLAMENTE 1 de los dos temas propuestos.
III * WRITING (3 points)
29. WRITE A COMPOSITION OF AT LEAST 120 WORDS ABOUT ONE OF THE TOPICS PROPOSED AND FOCUS ON IT. CHOOSE ONE TOPIC ONLY:
29.1. How do you see yourself in twenty years? Explain.
29.2. “Dressed to impress.” Discuss the role of clothes in today’s society.